Annual Report  
2024  
 
Contents  
Management’s report  
Financial highlights  
Financial review  
The year 2024  
3
4
4
Strategy execution  
Sustainable finance  
Green bond funding  
Corporate responsibility  
Rating  
5
5
6
6
6
Results  
6
Balance sheet  
7
Capital and solvency  
Fourth quarter 2024  
Outlook for 2025  
Macroeconomics and Property market  
Lending  
7
7
8
9
12  
15  
17  
21  
24  
Funding  
Business focus on sustainability  
Capital and risk management  
Management  
Financial statements  
Income statement and Comprehensive income  
Balance sheet  
27  
28  
29  
33  
34  
Statement of capital  
Cash flow statement  
Notes  
Statement and report  
Auditor’s report  
Statement by the management  
72  
73  
Directorships  
Executive Management  
Board of Directors  
77  
78  
79  
Supplementary information  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024  
1
 
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024  
2
 
5-year financial highlights –  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
NET PROFIT FOR THE YEAR  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2022  
2021  
2020  
Administration margin  
Net interest income  
5,543  
1,545  
21  
5,593  
1,114  
-70  
5,733  
93  
5,857  
46  
5,923  
97  
Net fee income*  
18  
-127  
55  
-21  
66  
Income from investment portfolios*  
Other income  
96  
183  
48  
95  
84  
84  
136  
114  
Total income  
Expenses  
7,300  
1,010  
6,904  
1,055  
5,976  
1,105  
5,967  
995  
6,179  
864  
Profit before loan impairment charges  
Loan impairment charges  
6,290  
333  
5,849  
-114  
4,871  
212  
4,972  
269  
5,315  
335  
Profit before tax  
Tax  
5,957  
1,533  
5,963  
1,569  
4,659  
1,033  
4,703  
1,034  
4,980  
1,097  
Net profit for the year  
4,424  
4,394  
3,626  
3,669  
3,883  
BALANCE SHEET (AT 31 DECEMBER)  
(DKK millions)  
Due from credit institutions etc.  
Mortgage loans  
17,628  
755,539  
52,291  
1,565  
11,618  
753,624  
49,580  
1,441  
8,761  
724,438  
46,722  
2,307  
18,643  
810,139  
46,435  
1,782  
25,045  
816,577  
47,187  
2,459  
Bonds and shares  
Other assets  
Total assets  
827,023  
816,263  
782,228  
876,999  
891,268  
Due to credit institutions etc.  
Issued mortgage bonds  
Other liabilities  
3,500  
762,125  
6,756  
2,000  
756,509  
7,531  
2,000  
724,105  
6,646  
2,000  
820,950  
4,577  
2,000  
835,217  
4,461  
Shareholders' equity  
54,642  
50,223  
49,477  
49,472  
49,590  
Total liabilities and equity  
827,023  
816,263  
782,228  
876,999  
891,268  
RATIOS AND KEY FIGURES  
Net profit for the year as % of avg. shareholders' equity  
Cost/income ratio (%)  
8.4  
13.8  
31.9  
31.9  
233  
8.8  
15.3  
31.5  
31.1  
229  
7.3  
18.5  
29.1  
28.6  
227  
7.4  
16.7  
25.3  
24.9  
217  
7.8  
14.0  
27.4  
26.9  
234  
Total capital ratio (%)  
Tier 1 capital ratio (%)  
Full-time-equivalent staff, end of year  
* Comparative information for 2020 has been restated as described in note 1 for 2021.  
Throughout the Management’s report, Realkredit Danmark’s performance is assessed on the basis of the financial highlights and segment reporting, which  
represent the financial information regularly provided to management. The financial highlights are alternative performance measures, which deviate from the  
presentation according to IFRS. See note 2 for an explanation of the differences and a reconciliation between these measures and IFRS.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024  
3
 
Financial review  
Kamilla Hammerich Skytte, CEO, comments on the financial results:  
The result for 2024 is robust and was supported by homeowners continuing to do well financially. This was reflected in  
low provisions, low impairments and loan-to-value ratios at 53% at the end of 2024. All in all, this indicates continually  
high credit quality.  
The development in total home finance lending in the Danske Bank Group across mortgage and bank home loans was sta-  
ble. Housing market activity started the year at a relatively weak level, however, over the year, Realkredit Danmark expe-  
rienced an increase in activity. We expect that, among other things, the decline in interest rates will have a positive effect  
on the housing market in 2025, with decent price increases of 4-5% broadly across Denmark.  
In the commercial market, we continued to have a strong market position. The loss level is low and there was an overall  
increase in lending in 2024. After some years with low transaction activity, where the interests of buyers and sellers have  
been difficult to align, we experienced renewed optimism in the market in 2024, which gives rise to expectations of a posi-  
tive trend in 2025.  
We have strengthened our advisory services and financial solutions within home finance across bank and mortgage fi-  
nance products as part of the Danske Bank Groups Forward 28 strategy, and this was well received by our customers in  
2024.  
For both the private and the commercial segment, Realkredit Danmark and Danske Bank further strengthened the focus  
on contributing to the green transition. In the private segment, we expanded our collaboration with the OBH engineering  
consultancy firm so that customers can now also get advice about climate proofing of homes. In the commercial segment,  
we entered into partnerships with one of Europes largest architecture and engineering consultancies, Sweco, and climate  
tech company Comundo, and our customers can now more easily get an overview of energy data and receive the right ad-  
vice to improve the energy efficiency of their properties.  
Towards the end of 2024, we also strengthened our collaboration with Tryg, and our partnership will in future focus even  
more on the necessary climate adaptation. All people in Denmark currently have access to home financing and home in-  
surance, but if we want to maintain that level of protection in Denmark, it is crucial that climate adaptation is given even  
greater priority.”  
The year 2024  
In 2024, Realkredit Danmark achieved a satisfactory net  
profit of DKK 4,424 million, against DKK 4,394 million  
in 2023. The profit increase was driven primarily by ris-  
ing interest rates.  
Throughout 2024, we developed our interaction with our  
customers to provide focused advice and financing op-  
tions. Together with Danske Bank, we have established  
strong partnerships that can provide valuable insights  
and guide our customers in relation to their specific  
plans to address current and future challenges and pro-  
tect the value of their properties.  
After declining lending activity in early 2024, we experi-  
enced a slight recovery in the second half of the year.  
Relative to 2023, there was a decrease in total lending.  
Nominal residual mortgage debt at Realkredit Danmark  
fell by around DKK 12 billion to DKK 795 billion at  
end-2024.  
In 2024 we also made it easier for customers in Denmark  
to start most self-service journeys regarding home fi-  
nance digitally.  
Realkredit Denmark plays an important role in the  
Danske Bank Group’s Forward ’28 strategy. As part of  
strengthening our advisory and financial solutions in the  
field of home financing across the bank and mortgage  
credit institution, Danske Bank lowered the interest rate  
on supplementary home financing in the first quarter of  
the year, which was particularly beneficial for first-time  
buyers.  
Whether you are considering buying a home, or just  
want to explore your loan options, our website has been  
updated to facilitate an easy start. With our home finance  
tool, we have made it possible for customers to do de-  
tailed calculations on Realkredit Danmark and Danske  
Bank home loans, share the calculations with an adviser  
who is notified and can proceed with the case directly,  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024  
4
 
giving increased peace of mind and contact to both easy  
and relevant expertise.  
Strategy execution  
Realkredit Danmark will, as a part of Danske Bank’s  
Forward ’28 strategy, continue the ambition to provide  
an even better customer experience for our home finance  
and real estate customers. The Forward ’28 strategy is  
setting new ambitions and commitments, with signifi-  
cant investments in digital customer offerings, expert ad-  
visory services and sustainability. We are continuing our  
efforts to digitalise mortgage financing processes, sup-  
port advisory differentiation and use intelligent data-  
driven processes to support a personal and proactive cus-  
tomer approach tailored to specific needs and lifecycle  
events.  
We continued in 2024 to increase our presence on social  
media platforms, advertising our attractive real estate fi-  
nancing solutions.  
Further, on rd.dk customers can now fully self-serve  
when it is time to refinance their FlexLån® loans.  
The green transition is an important focus area for both  
private homes and commercial properties. For private  
homes, we expanded our collaboration with consulting  
engineering company OBH, so that the customers can  
obtain advice on climate adaptation in addition to advice  
on energy improvements.  
For 2024, the focus was on playing a more active role  
for both existing and prospective home finance custom-  
ers. We hosted inspirational meetings related to the  
changing interest rate environment and increased our  
presence on social media platforms, advertising our at-  
tractive real estate financing solutions. We also im-  
proved the digital service and communication with our  
customers. With rd.dk as our digital interface to support  
customers in making choices concerning their mortgage  
financing, we launched improved loan calculation possi-  
bilities and a new site on which all relevant information  
about refinancing is gathered.  
Results from our YouGov customer survey indicate that,  
while interest in energy renovation remains modest  
among homeowners, there is growing awareness and  
concern about the implications of flooding and the in-  
creased engagement required due to climate change.  
Adapting to climate change presents a significant socie-  
tal challenge that we can now begin to address. Home-  
owners and property owners play a crucial role through  
initiatives regarding their properties, and these efforts  
will be complemented by our work together with Danske  
Bank to advocate for supportive measures from local and  
central government via our stakeholders and participa-  
tion in the public dialogue.  
In 2025, we will continue to strengthen our relations  
with existing customers and attract new ones by focusing  
on proactive engagement and tailored offerings. We  
want to be present where our customers are, and we  
strive to make it seamless to both be and become a cus-  
tomer with Realkredit Danmark.  
An increased focus on partnerships for the benefit of our  
business customers enabled us in the third quarter to an-  
nounce a collaboration with one of Europe’s largest ar-  
chitectural and engineering companies, Sweco, as well  
as with climatech company Comundo. This means that  
our business customers can more easily get an overview  
of energy data and at the same time obtain the right ad-  
vice with respect to energy enhancement of their proper-  
ties.  
Sustainable finance  
Realkredit Danmark remains deeply committed to ful-  
filling our responsibility in relation to society’s transi-  
tion towards a net-zero future.  
For both our customers and our business, the societal  
transformation required to address climate change pre-  
sents not only risks but also opportunities. Throughout  
2024, we developed our interaction with our customers  
to provide focused advice and financing options. To-  
gether with Danske Bank, we have established strong  
partnerships that can provide valuable insights and de-  
velop specific actions plans together with our homeown-  
ers and business customers.  
We continued to train our advisers in addressing the sus-  
tainability agenda at a strategic level for our customers  
and engaged with the majority of our business customers  
on this topic in 2024. We increased our insight into cus-  
tomer transition plans as this will potentially impact their  
ability to obtain financing and the terms applying to such  
financing.  
The Systemic Risk Council decided to activate the 7%  
systemic risk buffer for exposures to real estate compa-  
nies with effect from 30 June 2024. As a result, the fi-  
nancial sector will face increased capital buffer require-  
ments of DKK 10 billion. The systemic risk buffer is to  
be evaluated in 2025 in a process where the credit insti-  
tutions in Denmark will be involved and heard.  
To support our homeowner customers, we offer mort-  
gage finance for energy renovations and climate protec-  
tion initiatives on favourable terms and a loan fee dis-  
count to customers who buy or live in a full-year resi-  
dence that holds a valid class A or B energy performance  
certificate.  
Facilitating the transition in the real estate sector re-  
quires abundant renewable energy. The development of  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024  
5
 
the energy infrastructure is a major societal task, encom-  
passing the scaling of clean energy production, the trans-  
portation of electricity and heating as well as integration  
in households and businesses. Realkredit Danmark par-  
ticipates in the utility sector’s work to remove obstacles  
to providing efficient financing solutions for these im-  
portant infrastructure projects that also our targets de-  
pend on.  
regard to data use across the Danske Bank Group and in  
our business relations. Realkredit Danmark has adopted  
these principles.  
Realkredit Danmark does not account separately on cor-  
porate responsibility. Realkredit Danmark is included in  
the Danske Bank Group’s Sustainability Statement dis-  
closed as part of the management report of the Danske  
Bank Group’s Annual Report 2024. The Danske Bank  
Group’s Annual Report 2024 is available at  
In our Climate Report 2024 at rd.dk/investor/fund-  
ing/green-bonds, we report the carbon footprint of our  
full loan portfolio, except for manufacturing due to a  
lack of data from production facilities. For key seg-  
ments, we measure developments against the specific  
carbon reduction ambitions we have set for both the  
short term and the long term.  
danskebank.com/IR.  
Rating  
Realkredit Danmark’s bonds are rated by SP Global and  
Scope Ratings. Both rating agencies assign a rating of  
AAA to the bonds in both capital centre S and T. The  
Other reserves series capital centre is rated exclusively  
by SP Global, and these bonds also hold a rating of  
AAA.  
In 2024, political ambitions for the sustainable develop-  
ment of agriculture in Denmark were formalised through  
the tripartite negotiations and approved by the Danish  
Parliament in November. We have therefore added an  
emission reduction target for our agricultural portfolio of  
more than 30% in emission intensity by 2030.  
The effective overcollateralisation requirement from the  
agencies decreased during 2024, from DKK 26.3 billion  
at end-2023 to DKK 25.8 billion at end-2024.  
Green bond funding  
Realkredit Danmark complies with all threshold values  
of the supervisory diamond for mortgage credit institu-  
tions.  
Realkredit Danmark is dedicated to providing green  
bond mortgage financing in the corporate sector. Our ap-  
proach to issuing green loans is governed by our Green  
Finance Framework, which complies with global stand-  
ards for defining what is considered green.  
Results  
In 2024, Realkredit Danmark’s net profit was  
DKK 4,424 million (2023: DKK 4,394 million). The  
topline increased, driven by higher interest rate levels,  
although the increase was partly offset by normalised  
loan impairment charges.  
We observed steadily growing interest in green financ-  
ing in 2024, and our refinancing of RD Cibor6® Green  
loans in July resulted in an extra uptake of DKK 3.1 bil-  
lion of green lending. In total, refinancing in July re-  
sulted in issuance of green bonds of DKK 11.0 billion.  
In the second half of the year, we saw some withdrawal  
of green loans by our customers in Sweden.  
Administration margin income decreased by DKK 50  
million, however, the downward trajectory has tapered  
off. More customers are choosing products with higher  
margins and the development in the second half of the  
year was positive.  
By the end of 2024, our total green loan portfolio had in-  
creased by a net amount DKK 1.9 billion to a total of  
DKK 29.0 billion, primarily for green buildings as well  
as transmission and energy storage projects.  
Net interest income rose DKK 431 million to  
DKK 1,545 million in 2024 due to higher interest rate  
levels.  
Realkredit Danmark won the Euronext Securities award  
for the largest issue of green bonds in 2024, which is a  
further testament to our work on helping our customers  
with their green transition.  
Net fee income rose DKK 91 million, driven primarily  
by trading margins from higher refinancing activity.  
Income from investment portfolios fell DKK 87 million  
to DKK 96 million (2023: DKK 183 million).  
Corporate responsibility  
Realkredit Danmark continues to focus on ensuring a ro-  
bust risk and compliance culture across its organisation,  
thereby ensuring that we live our core value of integrity  
in all interactions with our customers and stakeholders  
and manage the financial and non-financial risks associ-  
ated with our business activities.  
Expenses amounted to DKK 1,010 million in 2024  
(2023: DKK 1,055 million).  
Underlying credit quality remained strong with a low  
level of delinquencies and robust collateral.  
Danske Bank has developed a set of ethical principles  
for its use of data. They define how we strive to act with  
Loan impairment charges were at a normalised level and  
amounted to DKK 333 million in 2024 (2023: an income  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024  
6
 
of DKK 114 million). Loan impairment charges were af-  
fected by a planned model change of DKK 100 million  
and a reversal of post-model adjustments of DKK 92  
million due to the improved macroeconomic situation.  
The total allowance account at 31 December 2024  
amounted to DKK 2,968 million (31 December 2023:  
DKK 2,738 million).  
Realkredit Danmark is subject to the specific principle of  
balance and therefore has very limited exposure to mar-  
ket risks. At the end of 2024, Realkredit Danmark’s in-  
terest rate risk and exchange rate risk amounted to  
DKK 936 million and DKK 2 million, respectively.  
Capital and solvency  
At the end of 2024, shareholders’ equity stood at  
DKK 54.6 billion (2023: DKK 50.2 billion). The conso-  
lidation of the net profit for 2024 accounted for the  
change.  
The tax charge totalled DKK 1,533 million (2023:  
DKK 1,569 million). The effective tax rate for 2024 was  
25.7% (2023: 26.3%).  
Balance sheet  
The Systemic Risk Council decided to activate the 7%  
systemic risk buffer from 30 June 2024. Consequently,  
in order to support a balanced capital structure,  
Realkredit Danmark decided not to pay dividend in 2024  
for 2023 earnings.  
Mortgage lending at fair value grew DKK 2 billion to  
DKK 756 billion. The increase was attributable mainly  
to higher bond prices due to downward trending interest  
rate levels in the second half of the year. The develop-  
ment in mortgage lending at fair value was composed of  
a decrease in the nominal outstanding bond debt of  
DKK 12 billion and an increase of DKK 14 billion in  
market value adjustments. Gross lending amounted to  
DKK 87 billion (2023: DKK 100 billion). In connection  
with remortgaging to a higher coupon, our customers re-  
duced their total outstanding debt by around DKK 2 bil-  
lion in 2024.  
Realkredit Danmark’s total capital amounted to  
DKK 49.8 billion, and the total capital ratio calculated in  
accordance with the Capital Requirements Regulation  
and Directive (CRR/CRD) was 31.9%. At 31 December  
2023, the corresponding figures were DKK 50.6 billion  
and 31.5%, respectively.  
Realkredit Danmark uses the internal ratings-based  
(IRB) approach to calculate the risk exposure amount for  
credit risks. The total risk exposure amount (REA) was  
DKK 156.3 billion at 31 December 2024 (2023:  
DKK 160.2 billion).  
The overall nominal effect was a DKK 13 billion de-  
crease in the personal customer portfolio and a DKK 1  
billion increase in the business customer portfolio.  
In 2024, fixed-rate mortgages accounted for approxi-  
mately 35% of all disbursed loans, while about 50% of  
all FlexLån® loans were disbursed with refinancing in-  
tervals of less than five years.  
At the end of 2024, Realkredit Danmark’s solvency  
need, including the combined buffer requirement, was  
calculated at DKK 31.2 billion, corresponding to a sol-  
vency need ratio including buffers of 19.9% of the total  
REA. With total capital of DKK 49.8 billion, Realkredit  
Danmark had DKK 18.6 billion in excess of the total  
capital requirement.  
In nominal terms, the repayment of principal amounts is  
now at the same level as before interest-only mortgages  
were launched in 2003. Total ordinary repayments in  
2024 equalled 3% of the mortgage portfolio.  
Under Danish law, Realkredit Danmark must publish its  
total capital and solvency need on a quarterly basis. The  
rd.dk site provides further information.  
At end-2024, the average loan-to-value (LTV) ratio was  
53%, the same level as in 2023.  
Realkredit Danmark remortgaged loans for DKK 37 bil-  
lion in 2024 (2023: DKK 40 billion).  
Fourth quarter 2024  
Realkredit Danmark recorded a profit after tax of  
DKK 1,238 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, against  
DKK 1,057 million in the third quarter. The change in  
profit was attributable primarily to income from the refi-  
nancing of FlexLån® loans in the fourth quarter and im-  
pairment reversals.  
The value of repossessed properties was DKK 12 million  
(2023: DKK 17 million). The delinquency rate at 31 De-  
cember 2024 was unchanged from the level at the end of  
2023, and thus at a persistently low level.  
Issued mortgage bonds rose DKK 6 billion to DKK 762  
billion. The nominal value of issued mortgage bonds  
was DKK 799 billion, which was DKK 9 billion less  
than at the end of 2023. The amounts are exclusive of  
holdings of own mortgage bonds. Realkredit Danmark  
issued bonds for a total of DKK 87 billion exclusive of  
bonds issued for refinancing auctions.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024  
7
 
Outlook for 2025  
In 2025, Realkredit Danmark expects income to be mar-  
ginally lower than in 2024, mainly driven by lower fore-  
casted average interest rate levels.  
Expenses are expected on higher level than in 2024,  
driven primarily by digital investments in accordance  
with the Forward ’28 strategy.  
Loan impairment charges are expected to be at a normal-  
ised level and in line with 2024.  
Realkredit Danmark therefore expects net profit in 2025  
to be marginally below net profit in 2024.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024  
8
 
Macroeconomics and Property market  
2024 was another good year for Denmark  
The Danish economy performed well in 2024, with GDP  
growth expected to print at around an impressive 3% for  
the year as a whole. The high growth was driven mainly  
by a surging pharmaceutical sector, including the Novo  
Nordisk company, while underlying growth rates were  
less stellar in other sectors. Excluding the pharmaceuti-  
cal sector, Danish GDP growth would be roughly  
halved. Nevertheless, even that would compare favoura-  
bly with growth rates across the other Nordic countries  
and Europe.  
Central banks set rate cutting cycle in motion  
Lower inflationary pressures opened the door to central  
bank rate cuts in 2024, and both the European Central  
Bank (ECB) and the US central bank (the Federal Re-  
serve) cut policy rates by 1 percentage point over the  
year. The central bank in Denmark Danmarks Na-  
tionalbank moved in lockstep with the interest rate de-  
cisions of the ECB on account of the fixed exchange rate  
policy and an untroubled Danish krone (DKK).  
This helped prompt a decline in mortgage rates after a  
couple of years of rates climbing strongly. Bonds under-  
lying a 30-year fixed-rate 5% mortgage traded at close to  
Inflation reined in  
par towards the end of 2023, whereas the end of 2024  
Consumer spending did not contribute much to eco-  
saw the 30-year fixed-rate 4% mortgage with principal  
nomic growth in 2024, as consumption growth was de-  
repayment close for loan offers to be replaced by a 3.5%  
cidedly sluggish during the year despite a marked in-  
loan. Looking at rates on FlexLån (ARM) loans, the rate  
crease in real wages. One reason is that consumers spent  
on a 1-year (F1) loan landed at 2.49% at the bullet bond  
some of their savings during the period of high inflation  
auction in November for new interest rates from 1 Janu-  
and therefore now focus increasingly on restoring their  
ary against 4.05% at the equivalent auction in 2023.  
level of savings.  
The jump in real wages in Denmark was due to both sig-  
nificant pay increases and the relatively low level of in-  
flation, which has again retreated below 2%. Inflation in  
Denmark was somewhat lower in 2024 than in the US  
and the Euro area, where inflation remained on the high  
side of 2%. However, both the central banks and the fi-  
nancial markets have assessed inflation to be more under  
control and on course to stabilise at close to 2%.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024  
9
 
Housing market picking up  
The housing market gained momentum during 2024 af-  
ter a slow start to the year that was caused by property  
tax reforms displacing activity from 2024 to 2023. This  
was because a significant number of home buyers par-  
ticularly in the Copenhagen area wanted to secure the  
permanent tax discount by taking over the property be-  
fore the end of the year.  
Low transaction volume in the commercial property  
market in 2024  
In many ways, 2024 turned out to be a tale of a two-  
sided market in relation to investment and commercial  
properties. At least this is what data from our valuation  
specialists indicate. The data cover the following three  
segments: Offices, residential rental property and retail.  
On the one hand, the cash flow, that is vacancy rates and  
rents, derived from those types of properties was favour-  
able, reflecting the positive business cycle and the  
pickup in employment. On the other hand, the price that  
investors were willing to pay for the cash flow, that is  
yields and property prices, was still adjusting to the  
higher level of interest rates. As a result, the correcting  
process that shaped so much of 2023 spilled over into  
2024 and unfortunately so did its negative impact. This  
is evident in the transaction figures, as the volume for  
2024 is likely to end up around DKK 55 billion and thus  
only slightly higher than the level in 2023 but signifi-  
cantly below the high transaction volumes of 2021-2022.  
Housing market activity ended up higher overall in 2024  
than in both 2022 and 2023, and house prices rose by  
around 4.5% for the year as a whole. High and rising  
levels of employment and real wage growth were parti-  
cularly supportive of the housing market, while decli-  
ning mortgage rates over the year, as mentioned above,  
also lent a helping hand. That being said, the impact of  
interest rates should probably not be overstated in light  
of the surprisingly modest effect the pronounced interest  
rate rises of recent years have had on the housing mar-  
ket.  
One of the year’s biggest housing market surprises was  
the decent increase in prices in the market for apart-  
ments, particularly in Copenhagen, where apartment  
prices increased more than 8% in 2024. The expectation  
had been that especially the first half of the year would  
see the market buffeted by headwinds caused by the  
property tax reform, which made buying apartments  
more expensive after 1 January 2024.  
Adjustment to higher interest rates has progressed  
well  
According to our data, adjusting to the higher level of in-  
terest rates has proven to be particularly challenging in  
certain parts of the property market. This includes prop-  
erties with cash flows so stable they could almost com-  
pete with the coupon payments on a bond. This applies  
primarily to residential rental properties in most of the  
larger cities as well as offices in Copenhagen and Aar-  
hus.  
The rise in housing prices means that apartment prices –  
both nation-wide and in Copenhagen, have never been  
higher in nominal terms. Hence, the dip in prices trig-  
gered by the inflation crisis and soaring interest rates  
was relatively quickly reversed, while the broader mar-  
ket for single-family homes has not yet quite reached its  
former price peak.  
On the positive side, after the market having spent a lit-  
tle more than two years adjusting to the higher level of  
interest rates, most of the correction is now behind us.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 10  
 
large parts of Jutland reversed, especially in Aarhus,  
which supported the rental market.  
Turning to the hotel market, we continued to see a sharp  
increase in the number of guests from abroad overnight-  
ing in the capital region, and the occupancy rate in-  
creased again in 2024 relative to 2023. Outside the capi-  
tal region, tourists from Denmark were the main driving  
force behind the increase in guest numbers, and as the  
increase just managed to keep up with the growth in ho-  
tel capacity, the occupancy rate remained unchanged rel-  
ative to 2023.  
Reasonable earnings for agriculture in 2024  
Danish agriculture recorded reasonable earnings overall  
in 2024, though this concealed some segments having a  
financially tougher year than others. The result follows  
on the heels of record earnings in 2022 and a decent  
2023.  
Office market supply increased substantially in 2024,  
and as the pace of employment growth slowed, the mar-  
ket struggled to absorb the increase in supply. As a re-  
sult, vacancy rates rose during the year. However, in a  
historical perspective, they remained low.  
Grain prices declined a little in 2024 as Ukrainian grain  
exports were re-established, which together with lower-  
than-normal crop yields and rising interest rate expenses  
generally put arable earnings under pressure.  
In contrast, dairy farmers benefited from high milk  
prices in 2024 on the back of rising real wages, which  
increased demand, while uncertainties surrounding po-  
tential new environmental and climate legislation contin-  
ued to tend to curtail any increase in production.  
Weaner pig producers benefited from the relatively high  
prices of slaughter pigs in Europe, which supported de-  
mand for Danish weaner pigs and ensured solid earn-  
ings. In contrast, slaughter pig producers were chal-  
lenged on the earnings front by the high purchase price  
of weaner pigs and Danish abattoirs not paying a com-  
petitive settlement price for slaughter pigs relative to Eu-  
ropean competitors. Compounding this was higher ex-  
penses for feed corn as a result of low crop yields.  
Green tripartite agreement will not undermine agri-  
culture  
In retail, 2024 was once again a positive cyclical year as  
retail sales continued to rise throughout the year. How-  
ever, structural headwinds remained in place as the e-  
commerce share of the market continued to rise and the  
number of small retail businesses (fewer than 10 em-  
ployees) continued to drop.  
In 2024, the Danish government and the parties to the  
green tripartite agreement reached a deal on a CO2 tax  
on agriculture and the conversion of 1/6 of Denmark’s  
farmland to forest and natural habitats. The CO2 tax, due  
to be introduced with effect from 2030, focuses on live-  
stock emissions and includes a standard allowance to  
ease the changes and the consequences for agriculture.  
The agreement also includes a higher target for the re-  
duction of nitrogen emissions, which together with the  
conversion of land will affect farmers differently de-  
pending on their location, though they will generally be  
compensated. In itself, the green tripartite agreement is  
not expected to trigger a major wave of bankruptcies in  
the agricultural sector.  
For residential rental properties, the cashflow derived  
from the properties continued to develop positively in  
2024, supported by the low number of unemployed peo-  
ple as well as the relative difference between the rental  
expense and the cost of ownership being at or close to its  
most supportive level for renting. Furthermore, the num-  
ber of started housing constructions continued to fall in  
2024, which meant that the overbuilding of housing in  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 11  
 
Lending  
Green bonds  
Personal market  
Customer interest in green financing solutions continued  
to grow in 2024. The RD Cibor6®Green loan was  
launched in Denmark in 2019, and at 31 December  
2024, total lending amounted to DKK 29.0 billion. In  
2024 alone, mortgages for DKK 4.9 billion were dis-  
bursed.  
Realkredit Danmark’s lending to owner-occupied dwell-  
ings and holiday homes amounted to DKK 413 billion at  
end-2024 (end-2023: DKK 426 billion).  
The lower level of remortgaging activity in 2024 also  
meant that total gross lending fell to DKK 42 billion  
(2023: DKK 50 billion).  
The mortgages are typically granted for commercial  
property used for letting purposes, and mainly for resi-  
dential letting. The properties must comply with a num-  
ber of requirements to be financed with green mort-  
gages.  
During 2024, we observed a shift in our customers’  
choice of loan type. While six out of ten customers  
chose variable-rate mortgages in the beginning of 2024,  
fixed-rate mortgages were the preferred type towards the  
end of the year. In particular the very short variable-rate  
mortgages were increasingly rejected by customers,  
which is undoubtedly attributable to the decline in inter-  
est rates throughout 2024. The distribution of loan types  
for disbursed loans largely resembled the distribution in  
2023.  
Total lending  
The level of remortgaging activity and new lending ac-  
tivity was lower in 2024 than in 2023. In 2024, gross  
lending amounted to DKK 87 billion (2023: DKK 100  
billion).  
Realkredit Danmark’s total mortgage lending fell  
DKK 12 billion in nominal terms in 2024. At the end of  
2024, the total loan portfolio amounted to DKK 795 bil-  
lion (end-2023: DKK 806 billion).  
The composition of the overall portfolio does not change  
as quickly, but similar distinctive trends were seen  
among customers considering short-term variable-rate  
mortgages. The share of mortgages with refinancing in-  
tervals of up to two years rose from 15% in 2023 to 16%  
in 2024. Conversely, the share of FlexLån® loans with  
refinancing intervals longer than two years was 43% of  
total lending in 2024, which is at the same level as last  
year.  
Remortgaging activity amounted to DKK 37 billion in  
2024 (2023: DKK 40 billion).  
In the beginning of 2024, customers chose variable-rate  
mortgages, but the fall in interest rates prompted more  
customers to opt for fixed-rate mortgages in the second  
half of 2024. The proportion of gross lending with inter-  
est-only features rose to 55% in 2024 (2023: 50%).  
Interest-only mortgages accounted for 53% of new lend-  
ing for owner-occupied dwellings and holiday homes in  
2024. This is 4 percentage points more than in 2023,  
when about five in ten new mortgages were issued with  
deferred amortisation. Despite the waning interest in de-  
ferred amortisation, interest-only mortgages still ac-  
counted for more than half of total lending for owner-oc-  
cupied dwellings and holiday homes in 2024.  
The overall share of mortgages with deferred amortisa-  
tion was at the same level as in 2023 and amounted to  
48% at end-2024 (end-2023: 48%).  
In 2024, Realkredit Danmark recorded an overall nomi-  
nal portfolio decline of DKK 13 billion. A significant  
reason for the decline in the loan portfolio is that many  
home finance customers increasingly opt for competitive  
bank loan products, which means that from a Group per-  
spective, the actual decrease is significantly lower.  
Other factors include prepayments of DKK 29 billion in  
2024 (2023: DKK 29 billion).  
Interest in FlexLife® loans remained stable in 2024, and  
the total portfolio represents approximately 21% of the  
overall lending portfolio.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 12  
 
Distribution channels  
Realkredit Danmark consistently seeks to make it easier  
for its customers to access and obtain an overview of in-  
formation about their mortgages.  
Realkredit Danmark is accessible when customers need  
it, among other things by providing personal service and  
advice by telephone and through virtual channels and  
face-to-face meetings.  
Realkredit Danmark’s personal customers are served at  
Danske Bank, primarily by home finance advisers. Cus-  
tomers who are also Danske Bank customers are gener-  
ally served by Danske Bank advisory centres, while cus-  
tomers who are customers only with Realkredit Dan-  
mark and customers who want to engage in dialogue  
with mortgage specialists are served by Housing East  
and West, which provide telephone advice and advice  
via virtual consultancy during extended opening hours.  
Business market  
At end-2024, the loan portfolio amounted to DKK 382  
billion in nominal terms, representing an increase of  
DKK 1 billion on the year before. The increase was  
driven primarily by net new lending, which amounted to  
DKK 13 billion in 2024, against DKK 26 billion in  
2023.  
The largest property customers in Denmark, the largest  
administrators and all customers within Subsidised  
Housing are served at Large Real Estate, which is a na-  
tion-wide double-branded Realkredit Danmark unit. In  
addition, Large Real Estate is responsible for providing  
expert mortgage advice to large non-property customers  
and to customers in Norway and Sweden who have a  
mortgage loan with Realkredit Danmark.  
As in 2023, there was limited remortgaging activity in  
2024. Total remortgaging in the business market thus  
amounted to DKK 17 billion in 2024 (2023: DKK 13  
billion).  
Small and medium-sized business and property custom-  
ers are offered several service channels at Danske Bank.  
For organisational purposes, all property specialists are  
placed at Commercial Real Estate Danmark, which con-  
sists of a number of local entities and of Realkredit Dan-  
mark Business.  
The business market experienced slightly weaker de-  
mand for fixed-rate mortgages in 2024, and this type of  
mortgage accounted for 22% of new mortgages (2023:  
23%). Unlike in the personal customer segment, busi-  
ness customers continue to favour long-term variable-  
rate mortgages, which accounted for 55% of the loans  
disbursed in 2024 (2023: 63%).  
The property specialists at the local entities provide per-  
sonal service and advice at the customers’ offices and at  
Danske Bank’s business centres. Realkredit Business Di-  
rect provides telephone and virtual advice and other ser-  
vices.  
The share of new interest-only mortgages issued with  
deferred amortisation rose slightly to 57% in 2024  
(2023: 53%). The higher proportion of new interest-only  
mortgages in 2024 remained stable and interest-only  
mortgages accounted for 41% of total lending in 2024  
(2023: 41%).  
Danske Bank’s agricultural centre provides personal ser-  
vice and advice to all agricultural customers.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 13  
 
home  
The result for 2024 amounts to DKK 23.9 million,  
against DKK 20.5 million the year before. This puts the  
result below the expected level of DKK 25-30 million.  
The result was adversely affected by the reorganisation  
implemented at home a/s towards the end of 2024. Rela-  
tive to 2023, there was an increase in the number of  
property transactions.  
“home”, the real-estate agency chain of the Group, is  
wholly owned by Realkredit Danmark A/S. The selling  
of owner-occupied dwellings is the business area of  
“home”, and mortgages distributed via “home” are pri-  
marily intended for changes of ownership. Throughout  
the year, there was a positive development in the hous-  
ing market, as both prices and activity increased. The  
level of activity in 2024 was higher than in both 2022  
and 2023 despite declining activity at the beginning of  
the year due to the property tax reform.  
Jens Peter Jensen, CFO, acted as interim CEO of the es-  
tate agency chain from 1 November 2023 and stepped  
down on 1 July 2024. Martin Wiesener was appointed  
new CEO and took up the position on 1 July 2024.  
Activities and portfolio  
Gross lending  
Net new lending  
Loan portfolio  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
2024  
%
2023  
%
Personal market  
Business market  
42,397  
44,719  
50,010  
49,665  
-6,248  
13,389  
-5,882  
25,811  
412,874  
381,682  
52  
48  
425,743  
380,411  
53  
47  
Total (nominal value)  
87,116  
99,675  
7,141  
19,929  
794,556  
100  
806,154  
100  
Lending broken down by loan type  
Share of gross lending  
Share of loan portfolio  
%
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Short-term variable rate (F1-F4)  
FlexKort®  
20  
3
13  
6
12  
4
10  
5
FlexLife ® variable rate  
FlexLife ® - fixed-rate  
Fixed-rate  
7
2
33  
35  
5
1
38  
37  
9
3
32  
40  
9
3
33  
40  
Long-term variable rate etc.  
Total  
100  
100  
100  
100  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 14  
 
Funding  
Bond issuance  
Debt issuance  
Realkredit Danmark operates under the specific balance  
principle and funds its lending by issuing mortgage-cov-  
ered bonds and, to a very limited extent, mortgage bonds  
listed on NASDAQ Copenhagen.  
In December 2024, Realkredit Danmark refinanced a  
non-preferred senior loan with the parent company,  
Danske Bank A/S, in the amount of DKK 3.5 billion to  
comply with the debt buffer requirement. Realkredit  
Danmark has not issued any other non-covered bond  
debt.  
Issued bonds are carried in the financial statements at  
their fair value after deduction of own holdings. The fol-  
lowing text and table are based on nominal values before  
deduction of own holdings, as these reflect the volume  
of bonds issued and listed on NASDAQ Copenhagen.  
Investor distribution  
The investor distribution remained largely unchanged in  
2024 relative to end-2023. As at the end of November,  
foreign investors held 22% of all mortgage bonds,  
against 21% at the end of 2023.  
Bonds issued in 2024  
Realkredit Danmark issued bonds worth DKK 87 billion  
exclusive of bonds issued for refinancing auctions. This  
represents a decrease of 12% relative to 2023. The bond  
market was characterised by stable interest rates during  
the first half of 2024 after the increase in interest rates  
observed in 2023. The second half of 2024 saw declining  
interest rates as central banks started to normalise their  
policy rates.  
Rating  
Realkredit Danmark’s bonds are rated by SP Global and  
Scope Ratings.  
Both rating agencies assign a rating of AAA to the bonds  
in both capital centre S and T.  
The Other reserves series capital centre is rated exclu-  
sively by SP Global, and these bonds also hold a rating  
of AAA.  
Refinancing in 2024  
In 2024, Realkredit Danmark held auctions in connec-  
tion with all four ordinary payment dates. To diversify  
the risk attached to refinancing, Realkredit Danmark has  
opted to refinance FlexLån® loans at the 1 January and  
1 April payment dates and floating-rate bonds at the 1  
July and 1 October payment dates.  
The effective overcollateralisation requirement from the  
agencies decreased during 2024, from DKK 26.3 billion  
at end-2023 to DKK 25.8 billion at end-2024.  
The overcollateralisation requirements for the capital  
centres are covered by funds from Realkredit Danmark’s  
equity and the loan raised with Danske Bank A/S.  
All four auctions were carried out without any difficul-  
ties and attracted strong investor interest and competitive  
prices.  
Realkredit Danmark expects consistently stable overcol-  
lateralisation requirements from the rating agencies. If  
the requirements increase, Realkredit Danmark plans to  
raise further bail-inable debt on market terms in order to  
comply with the requirements. This type of debt is also  
eligible towards the debt buffer requirement.  
The auctions for the refinancing of FlexLån® loans at 1  
April 2024 were held in February 2024. Total issuance  
amounted to DKK 44 billion (2023: DKK 38 billion). In  
November 2024, bonds worth DKK 50 billion were is-  
sued in connection with the refinancing of FlexLån®  
loans at 1 January 2025. Refinancing at 1 January 2024  
amounted to DKK 27 billion.  
In May 2024, Realkredit Danmark auctioned bonds  
worth DKK 12 billion to refinance RD Cibor6® loans,  
DKK 7 billion to refinance RD Cibor6® Green loans  
and DKK 20 billion to refinance other floating rate  
loans.  
Lastly, in August 2024, SEK 4 billion was refinanced in  
RD Stibor3® loans and NOK 2 billion in RD Nibor3®  
loans.  
At end-2024, Realkredit Danmark had issued mortgage  
bonds for a total amount of DKK 826 billion, of which  
mortgage-covered bonds accounted for DKK 803 bil-  
lion.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 15  
 
Bonds issued at 31 December (nominal value)  
Bond type  
Mortgage-  
covered bonds  
Mortgage  
bonds  
(DKK billions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Fixed rate callable  
Fixed rate bullet  
Floating rate  
274  
388  
141  
-
273  
376  
148  
-
1
-
7
1
-
8
Index-linked  
15  
16  
Total DKK  
803  
797  
23  
25  
In 2024, the calculation was adjusted to reflect double-funding of DKK 51 billion because of the refinancing of FlexLån®  
loans (2023: DKK 28 billion).  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 16  
 
Business focus on sustainability  
Energy Agency has not updated the emission factors  
Realkredit Danmark is included in the Danske Bank  
Group’s Sustainability Statement disclosed as part of the  
management report of the Danske Bank Group’s Annual  
Report 2024. Consequently, Realkredit Danmark does  
not report separately on corporate responsibility.  
Realkredit Danmark is required to include in its manage-  
ment report a sustainability statement for the financial  
year beginning 1 January 2025, and we have com-  
menced the preparations for this reporting. The Danske  
Bank Group’s Annual Report 2024 is available at  
danskebank.com/IR.  
since 2019, the development of these sources is not fac-  
tored into our calculations of emissions. Because of this,  
the decarbonisation effect is not yet reflected in our fig-  
ures. By conducting an internal best-effort analysis on  
updating emission factors, we estimate the decarbonisa-  
tion of our portfolio to be well under way.  
During 2024, we observed growing concerns about the  
impacts of flooding and increased precipitation and the  
protection of properties. Together with Danske Bank, we  
have taken important steps to deepen our partnership  
with OBH engineering consultancy firm to provide cus-  
tomers with advice on climate adaptation measures, in  
addition to the energy renovation advisory services al-  
ready provided.  
Below are highlights from the Realkredit Danmark’s  
sustainability-related activities in 2024. Regarding sus-  
tainability-related risks, reference is made to the Risk  
Management section of note 34 of Realkredit Denmark’s  
Annual Report 2024. It is important to note that the in-  
formation provided below is not to be considered, nor  
does it constitute, an account for corporate responsibility  
or a separate sustainability statement. For all purposes,  
reference is made to the Danske Bank Group’s Sustaina-  
bility Statement.  
To address the rising challenges of climate change, we  
see a strong need for long-term nationwide initiatives  
from national and local governments to adapt to the  
changing climate and to secure homes and businesses  
from flooding, in addition to property owners’ own initi-  
atives.  
Environmental initiatives  
For our business customers, we have launched a value  
proposition, The six-step plan for securing property  
value, to guide and support these customers in the envi-  
ronmental transition of their property portfolios. In this  
six-step plan, we provide our customers with insights  
into the sustainable transition and understanding the up-  
coming regulation and the expected impact on market  
dynamics. We engage with our customers to understand  
their transition plans and to discuss different options to  
finance their plans.  
Realkredit Danmark remains deeply committed to ful-  
filling its responsibility in relation to society’s transition  
towards a net-zero future and to adapt to challenges as-  
sociated with the changing climate. For our personal  
customers and our business customers, the societal trans-  
formation required to address climate change presents  
not only risks but also opportunities.  
Throughout 2024, we increased our interactions with our  
customers to provide focused advice and financing op-  
tions. Together with Danske Bank, we have established  
strong partnerships that can provide valuable insights  
and guide our customers in their specific plans to miti-  
gate current and future challenges and protect the value  
of their properties.  
New partnerships have been formed with Comundo, a  
climate tech company, and Sweco, one of Europe’s larg-  
est architecture and engineering consultancies. The aim  
of these partnerships is to provide support in two critical  
steps in our customers’ work to measure, plan and exe-  
cute energy-optimisation initiatives. We experienced a  
high level of interest from our customers about the ser-  
vices our partners can provide.  
To support our personal customers in reducing energy  
consumption from their homes, thereby reducing carbon  
emissions, and to prepare the properties for a changing  
climate, we offer mortgage financing for energy renova-  
tions and climate protection initiatives on favourable  
terms. Additionally, we offer a loan fee discount to cus-  
tomers who buy or live in a full-year residence that holds  
a valid class A or B energy performance certificate.  
We saw progress towards meeting our ambitions to re-  
duce the carbon emissions from our commercial real es-  
tate portfolio by 75% by 2030 (measured against a 2020  
baseline). This progress is following our target trajectory  
despite the fact that the impact from increased use of re-  
newable sources is not factored in due the emission fac-  
tors having not been updated.  
In 2024, homeownersinterest in energy renovations re-  
mained at a low level, primarily due to lower gas prices  
and uncertainty with respect to public grants when  
switching to a non-fossil energy source. In relation to re-  
alising our ambitions to reduce the carbon emissions  
from our personal mortgage portfolio by 75% by 2030  
(measured against a 2020 baseline), we saw reductions  
in 2024, albeit at a slower pace than our target trajectory  
towards 2030. The pace of emission reduction is, how-  
ever, highly dependent on access to sustainable electric-  
ity and sustainable district heating. Because the Danish  
Facilitating the transition in the real estate sector re-  
quires abundant renewable energy. The development of  
energy infrastructure is a major societal task, encom-  
passing the scaling of clean energy production, the trans-  
portation of electricity and heating as well as the integra-  
tion of this into households and businesses. Realkredit  
Danmark participates in the utility sector’s work to re-  
move obstacles to providing efficient financing solutions  
for these important infrastructure projects that our tar-  
gets also depend on.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 17  
 
Because agriculture is a carbon-intensive sector, we en-  
gaged with more than 300 of our agricultural customers  
on the topic of climate and biodiversity during 2024.  
When the political ambitions for the sustainable devel-  
opment of agriculture in Denmark were formalised  
through the tripartite negotiations and approved by the  
Danish Parliament in November, we set emission reduc-  
tion ambitions for our agriculture portfolio. We have set  
an ambition of reducing our financed emissions from  
this portfolio by 30-45% by 2030 in relation to 2020 lev-  
els, which is aligned with the goals of the tripartite  
agreement.  
they can thrive in an environment of inclusivity, collabo-  
ration, innovation and adaptability. To foster a high level  
of engagement from our employees, we aim to ensure  
that Realkredit Denmark remains an attractive workplace  
with strong leadership practices, a good work-life bal-  
ance and competitive renumeration.  
As a key element in building employee engagement, we  
have conducted engagement surveys and worked with  
the output of these to further support our employees’  
motivation and loyalty towards their work at Realkredit  
Danmark. In 2024, employee engagement remained at a  
satisfactory level, but it remains a focus area for the  
leadership team.  
Customer  
segment  
Baseline  
2020  
Actual Q3  
2024  
Ambition  
for 2030  
(kg  
Loan port-  
folio Q3  
2024*  
(kg  
(kg  
2024  
82  
2023  
82  
2022  
80  
CO2/m2)  
CO2/m2)  
CO2/m2)  
(DKK  
Engagement score  
billions)  
Personal  
mortgage  
* Score covers only employees from Realkredit Danmark A/S  
20.2  
17.0  
5.1  
394.7  
Commercial  
real estate  
Agriculture  
In 2024, the Danske Bank Group continued its efforts to  
grow a diverse and inclusive culture to mirror the socie-  
ties it is part of and to create equal opportunities for its  
employees. At Realkredit Danmark, we take an active  
part in this, for example through our mandatory and reg-  
ular training for all managers and employees, our focus  
on diversity and inclusion in succession planning and  
our initiatives supporting ambitions to reduce gender  
bias in recruitment processes.  
13.2  
25.7  
10.2  
23.4  
3.3  
18.0  
139,9  
30.5  
* Loan portfolio in scope for calculation of carbon emissions is for Commercial Real  
Estate and Agriculture based on NACE segmentation  
In Realkredit Danmark’s Climate Report 2024 at  
rd.dk/investor/funding/green-bonds, we report the car-  
bon footprint of our full loan portfolio in detail. We do  
not, however, report on the manufacturing segment due  
to lack of data from production facilities. For three key  
segments, personal customers, commercial real estate  
and agriculture, we measure developments against the  
specific carbon reduction ambitions we have set.  
Realkredit Danmark’s Board of Directors adopted the  
updated Danske Bank Group’s Diversity and Inclusion  
Policy in 2024. This policy sets out the key principles  
for Realkredit Danmark’s approach to diversity and in-  
clusion, including commitments to improve diversity  
across all characteristics, to ensure that all employees are  
provided equal opportunities and terms throughout the  
entire employee lifecycle, to practice an inclusive culture  
and mindset, and non-acceptance of discrimination, har-  
assment or offensive workplace behaviour.  
Green bond funding  
Realkredit Danmark provides green bond mortgage fi-  
nancing to the corporate segment. Our approach to issu-  
ing green loans is governed by our Green Finance  
Framework, which complies with global standards for  
defining what is considered green.  
Throughout 2024, we observed steadily growing interest  
in green financing, and our refinancing of RD Cibor6®  
Green loans in July resulted in an extra uptake of  
DKK 3.1 billion of green lending. The total refinancing  
round gave rise to issuance of green bonds amounting to  
DKK 11.0 billion. In the second half of the year, we saw  
some withdrawal from green loans by our customers in  
Sweden.  
In 2024, the definitions of leader groups were changed in  
the Danske Bank Group. The table below shows the re-  
defined leader groups and the number of leaders for  
2023 and 2024 for comparison (stated with the new defi-  
nition). The additional member of the Board of Directors  
reduced the percentage of the less represented gender  
from 25% to 20% in 2024. For the group of senior lead-  
ers, the reduction led to the percentage of the less repre-  
sented gender being reduced from 46% in 2023 to 40%  
2024.  
At the end of 2024, our total green loan portfolio had in-  
creased to DKK 29.0 billion from DKK 27.1 billion at  
the end of 2023. New green loans were directed primar-  
ily towards green buildings and towards transmission  
and energy storage projects.  
Management  
level  
Total  
Share of the less 2028 target for the  
represented  
gender  
less represented  
gender  
2023 2024  
2024  
2028  
Social initiatives  
Own workforce  
A skilled and qualified workforce is a key element for  
ensuring that Realkredit Danmark can operate in a safe  
and efficient way and to support the Danske Bank Group  
in reaching its strategic objectives. We strive to attract  
and develop the potential in our employees to ensure that  
Board of  
Directors*  
Executive  
management**  
Senior  
4
2
5
2
20%  
50%  
40%  
40%  
leaders**  
Leaders**  
11  
24  
10  
28  
40%  
46%  
40%  
45%  
* Employee representatives are not included  
** Only employees from Realkredit Danmark A/S are included  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 18  
 
Customers and society  
broad spectrum of potential customers, and it also re-  
duces the risk of individuals accruing more debt than  
they can afford. The framework assesses the value of the  
collateral in a prudent market-based way.  
Access to financial services and products enhances so-  
cial inclusion and it benefits both society and individu-  
als. Financial institutions play a crucial role by establish-  
ing effective criteria to maximise access to mortgage  
lending for many eligible customers. Furthermore, home  
financing promotes access to housing and facilitates the  
property market. Mortgage loan products include a range  
of interest rate options and durations, including short-  
term or long-term variable loans, fixed-rate loans and in-  
terest-only loans.  
In Realkredit Danmark we aim to consolidate our market  
position and we strive to improve the customer experi-  
ence with a particular focus on young and elderly cus-  
tomers. However, no specific targets have been estab-  
lished for social inclusion.  
In 2024, the interest rate was lowered for supplementary  
home financing from Danske Bank on top of a mortgage  
loan for first-time home buyers in Denmark. House  
prices and prices for owner-occupied apartments in-  
creased in the larger cities in Denmark, and the cost of  
owning a home has increased over the past years. To-  
gether with Danske Bank, Realkredit Danmark has de-  
veloped some initiatives to further support this customer  
segment, and Realkredit Danmark has dedicated teams  
that provide targeted advice for young customers. We  
have also continued our support of financial literacy by  
providing explanatory videos on social media about buy-  
ing an apartment.  
The specific Danish mortgage model offers transpar-  
ency, fairness, scalability and stability. Mortgage interest  
rates offered to customers are set mark-to-market on the  
same terms for all. Administrative fees for personal cus-  
tomers of Realkredit Danmark are set by product-spe-  
cific risk parameters on equal terms for all personal cus-  
tomers in all parts of Denmark.  
Alongside owner-occupied homes, the social housing  
sector in Denmark provides more than 560,000 homes  
for rent, representing 20% of the total market for resi-  
dential properties according to Danmarks Almene  
Boliger (BL). The social housing sector provides afford-  
able non-profit housing, access to local communities and  
an inclusive housing democracy for individuals living  
under poor or otherwise limited circumstances in our so-  
ciety. Consequently, this sector fulfils a critical but also  
sustainable role of society by supporting the living con-  
ditions of thousands of people backed by public subsidy  
and guaranty.  
For homeowners intending to retire within a few years or  
who have already retired, Realkredit Danmark has im-  
proved its offerings and advisory services related to re-  
leasing home equity to support an optimal financial plan-  
ning for the retirement period. The terms for Realkredit  
Danmark mortgage loans with low monthly payments  
(interest only) have been made more transparent, and the  
advisory offering has been strengthened to support an ef-  
fective use of the customers’ savings and assets.  
Unit  
2024  
2023  
Denmark  
Share of total mortgage  
lending to customers  
aged 30 or younger  
An analysis of the Danish mortgage lending portfolio in  
Realkredit Danmark shows that the share of loans to cus-  
tomers aged 30 or younger represents 2.5% of the total  
mortgage portfolio, and the proportion for customers  
over the age of 65 stands at 30%.  
%
%
%
2.5  
2.5  
Share of total mortgage  
lending to customers  
aged 31 to 64  
67.5  
68.5  
Share of total mortgage  
lending to customers  
aged 65 and over  
The Danske Bank Group has procedures and processes  
in place that enable early-stage help to be provided to  
customers who experience financial difficulties, hereby  
securing the best outcomes for the customers and the  
Danske Bank Group, including Realkredit Danmark.  
Such processes include identification of relevant custom-  
ers through ongoing credit assessments and checking  
and monitoring of customers for early warning signs or  
significant deteriorations in the customers’ financial po-  
sition. For personal customers, the early signs of inabil-  
ity to repay are addressed by dedicated teams specialised  
in identifying and mitigating such issues.  
30  
28.9  
395  
Total personal mort-  
gage Denmark*  
*Total personal mortgage are stated as market value  
(DKK  
billions)  
388  
Realkredit Danmark supports social housing by provid-  
ing long-term mortgages totalling DKK 95 billion and  
products on favourable terms agreed with the Danish  
Ministry of Finance and on market-based terms. To-  
gether with Danske Bank, we offer construction loans in  
connection with mortgage loans to support the construc-  
tion and renovation of social housing.  
The Danish Mortgage-Credit Loans and Mortgage-  
Credit Bonds Act, along with executive orders for mort-  
gage lending in Denmark, sets limitations on mortgage  
loans issued by mortgage credit institutions. This frame-  
work helps to ensure that financing is accessible to a  
The majority of Realkredit Danmark’s lending is pro-  
vided through Danske Bank’s physical and digital distri-  
bution network. Through this network, it is possible for  
homeowners to get advice and obtain a mortgage loan  
regardless of their geographical location.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 19  
 
Realkredit Danmark have provided financing of personal  
owned properties in all the municipalities of Denmark.  
The figure below shows the geographical distribution of  
mortgaged properties at municipality level. To make the  
number of properties clearer for the smaller municipali-  
ties, the Copenhagen Capital Region is shown as a sepa-  
rate entity, and the remaining properties have been redis-  
tributed between the municipalities outside the Copenha-  
gen Capital Region. Municipalities with 7,000 mort-  
gaged properties or more are displayed in the same blue  
color.  
numerous processes and controls serving as key compo-  
nents in Realkredit Danmark’s day-to-day financial  
crime risk management setup. We commit to preventing  
and fighting financial crime, and we continue to invest in  
this area to protect both Realkredit Danmark and our  
customers.  
Treating customers fairly  
Treating customers fairly remains a key focus area at  
Realkredit Danmark.  
Our outsourcing arrangements with Danske Bank entail  
that Danske Bank processes personal data on behalf of  
Realkredit Danmark. A data processing agreement is in  
place that supports Realkredit Danmark in delivering on  
its responsibilities as data controller.  
Data ethics  
Danske Bank’s data ethics principles define how Danske  
Bank strives to act with regard to data use across the  
Danske Bank Group and in its business relations.  
Danske Bank strives to be transparent about the purposes  
for which data is used and to communicate this clearly.  
We aim to ensure that processes are clearly understood  
in terms of risk as well as the social, ethical and societal  
consequences of our use of data. We assess and evaluate  
the impact of the use of advanced technologies, analytics  
and computational methods on the parties involved.  
In 2024 Danske Bank developed an overall framework  
for data ethics in the bank and established a central func-  
tion to coordinate data ethics questions and concerns.  
Work has also been initiated to understand whether the  
current data ethics principles need to be revisited to bet-  
ter reflect the changing regulatory landscape as well as  
Danske Bank’s increased ambitions in the data ESG  
space.  
Realkredit Danmark’s geographical distribution of mort-  
gaged properties therefore also reflects Danske Bank’s  
market position. Consequently, because property values  
are typically higher in and around larger cities than in ru-  
ral areas, our distribution of lending is higher there.  
Governance  
At Realkredit Danmark, we focus on ensuring a robust  
governance model. This includes having clear roles and  
responsibilities across the various functions in Realkredit  
Danmark and relating to Danske Bank’s role of running  
large parts of Realkredit Danmark’s business activities  
in accordance with the outsourcing arrangement between  
the two entities.  
In 2025 Danske Bank will work on integrating its data  
ethics principles into existing Group-wide policies and  
instructions to make sure that core processes take data  
ethics into account.  
The principles are available at danskebank.com/cg.  
In doing so, we have a high level of focus on ensuring a  
solid risk and compliance culture across Realkredit Dan-  
mark, thereby ensuring that our core value of integrity is  
applied in all our interactions with our customers and  
stakeholders.  
To support a solid risk and compliance culture, our em-  
ployees undergo annual mandatory training that provides  
directional and practical insights into the risk and com-  
pliance area. In 2024, 98.3% of our employees com-  
pleted their risk and compliance training on time.  
Our senior management sets policies and instructions  
that guide the operation of the business and manage as-  
sociated risks.  
Whistleblowing scheme  
All employees are encouraged to raise any concerns they  
have to their immediate manager, and they also have ac-  
cess to doing so by using Realkredit Danmark’s whistle-  
blowing scheme. The whistleblowing scheme is also ac-  
cessible for customers.  
Fighting financial crime activities  
Financial crime is an increasing threat to our customers  
and to society. In response to this, we have invested in  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 20  
 
Capital and risk management  
Capital management  
Capital  
Realkredit Danmark’s capital management policies and  
practices support the business strategy and ensure that  
Realkredit Danmark remains sufficiently capitalised to  
withstand severe macroeconomic downturns. Moreover,  
Realkredit Danmark aims to retain the current AAA rat-  
ings from S&P Global and Scope Ratings, which are in  
line with those assigned to comparable issuers.  
Realkredit Danmark’s total capital consists primarily of  
conventional equity after statutory deductions.  
At the end of 2024, the total REA amounted to  
DKK 156.3 billion, a decrease of DKK 4.0 billion from  
the level at the end of 2023. The decrease was due pri-  
marily to a decrease in credit risk. With total capital of  
DKK 49.8 billion, the total capital ratio was 31.9%.  
The regulatory framework for Realkredit Danmark’s  
capital management practices is rooted in the Capital Re-  
quirements Regulation (CRR) and the Capital Require-  
ments Directive (CRD), which can be divided into three  
pillars:  
Capital requirements  
As stipulated in Danish legislation, a credit institution  
must disclose its solvency need and solvency need ratio.  
The solvency need is the total capital of the size, type  
and composition needed to cover the risks to which an  
institution is exposed.  
Pillar I contains a set of mathematical formulas for  
the calculation of risk exposure amounts for credit  
risk, market risk and operational risk. The minimum  
capital requirement is 8% of the total REA. In paral-  
lel, a minimum leverage ratio of 3% must be met at  
all times.  
In addition to the solvency need ratio, the institution  
must have capital to comply with the combined capital  
buffer requirement. The combined buffer requirement  
consists of a SIFI buffer of 3%, a capital conservation  
buffer of 2.5%, a systemic risk buffer of 1.1% and a  
countercyclical buffer of 2.5%.  
Pillar II contains the framework for the contents of  
the ICAAP, including the identification of a credit in-  
stitution’s risks, the calculation of the solvency need,  
and stress testing.  
Pillar III deals with market discipline and sets forth  
disclosure requirements for risk and capital manage-  
ment.  
While Pillar I entails the calculation of risks and the cap-  
ital requirement on the basis of uniform rules for all  
credit institutions, the ICAAP under Pillar II takes into  
account the individual characteristics of a given institu-  
tion and covers all relevant risk types, including risks not  
addressed under Pillar I. The combined capital require-  
ments under Pillar I and Pillar II represent the credit in-  
stitution’s solvency need and solvency need ratio.  
Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process  
(ICAAP)  
As part of the ICAAP, Realkredit Danmark assesses its  
solvency need on the basis of internal models and en-  
sures that it uses proper risk management systems. The  
ICAAP also includes capital planning to ensure that  
Realkredit Danmark always has sufficient capital to sup-  
port its chosen business strategy. Stress testing is an im-  
portant tool used for capital planning purposes in order  
to ensure that Realkredit Danmark, also going forward,  
is sufficiently capitalised to withstand severe macroeco-  
nomic downturns. For additional information about the  
ICAAP, reference is made to the ICAAP report available  
at danskebank.com/IR  
At the end of 2024, Realkredit Danmark’s solvency  
need, including the combined buffer requirement, was  
calculated at DKK 31.2 billion, corresponding to a sol-  
vency need ratio including buffers of 19.9% of the total  
REA. With total capital of DKK 49.8 billion, Realkredit  
Danmark had DKK 18.6 billion in excess of the total  
capital requirement.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 21  
 
Leverage ratio  
Realkredit Danmark is also exposed to market risks,  
which comprise interest rate, equity and exchange rate  
risks. However, the statutory principle of balance elimi-  
nates most of the interest rate and exchange rate risks on  
the Group’s assets and liabilities.  
At the end of 2024, Realkredit Danmark had DKK 24.5  
billion in excess of the minimum requirement of 3%  
with a leverage ratio of 5.9%.  
Large exposures  
Large exposures are defined as exposures amounting to  
at least 10% of the tier 1 capital after deduction of par-  
ticularly secure claims. At the end of 2024, Realkredit  
Danmark had 1 exposure that exceeded 10% of its capi-  
tal base.  
Risk management is described in the note on risk man-  
agement.  
Liquidity Coverage Ratio  
As a credit institution, Realkredit Danmark is subject to  
the Liquidity Coverage Ratio. The implementation of the  
covered bond directive in 2022 introduced additional  
Pillar II liquidity requirements that address refinancing  
and remortgaging risks. The combined Pillar I+II re-  
quirement defines the binding liquidity requirement for  
Realkredit Danmark. At the end of 2024, the combined  
requirement corresponded to approximately DKK 8.1  
billion.  
Supplementary collateral  
As an institution issuing mortgage-covered bonds,  
Realkredit Danmark must provide supplementary collat-  
eral if the value of the properties on which the loans are  
secured is such that the LTV ratio rises above 80% for  
residential property and 60% for commercial property.  
At the end of 2024, the need for supplementary collateral  
was DKK 5.4 billion (end-2023: DKK 6.3 billion). Of  
the DKK 5.4 billion, DKK 0.8 billion was provided in  
the form of loan loss guarantees. The remaining  
DKK 4.6 billion was provided in the form of unencum-  
bered liquid assets.  
Realkredit Danmark’s holding of unencumbered liquid  
assets after caps and haircuts was DKK 20.4 billion at  
end-2024.  
Future rules  
A large proportion of Realkredit Danmark’s mortgages  
are covered by loan loss guarantees provided by Danske  
Bank. The loan loss guarantee covers the top 20 percent-  
age points of the statutory loan limit at the time when the  
mortgage originates.  
As part of the EU Banking Package 2021 and in order to  
implement Basel IV, the European Commission adopted  
proposals in October 2021. On 27 June 2023, the EU co-  
legislators reached a provisional political agreement on  
the proposals for implementing Basel IV. The new rules  
were adopted by the EU in June 2024 and published in the  
EU Official Journal. The CRR3 that implements the Basel  
IV standard in the EU applies from 1 January 2025 and  
onwards. The date on which the FRTB rules take effect  
has, however, been postponed and is now 1 January 2026.  
The loan loss guarantees amounted to DKK 28 billion of  
the loan portfolio at 31 December 2024.  
Risk management  
The Realkredit Danmark Group’s principal risks are  
credit risk from mortgage loans and liquidity risk related  
primarily to refinancing auctions.  
The fully phased-in rules are subject to a lengthy transi-  
tion period and transitional arrangements. Taking into ac-  
count the transitional arrangements with regard to the out-  
put floor, the Group currently expects the output floor to  
restrict Realkredit Danmark at the earliest in 2033, when  
the transitional arrangements are set to lapse. It is how-  
ever the expectation that the output floor will not be ap-  
plied at individual level in Denmark, which means that  
Realkredit Danmark will not become subject to the output  
floor (pending Danish legislation).  
The credit risk on mortgages comprises the risk that the  
borrower is unable to repay the loan and the expected  
loss if the borrower does not repay the loan. Liquidity  
risk is the risk that payments to the bondholder fall due  
before Realkredit Danmark has secured the necessary li-  
quidity. This is mitigated by early payments received  
from Realkredit Danmark’s borrowers and the sale of  
new bonds at refinancing auctions.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 22  
 
Supervisory diamond for mortgage credit institutions  
Realkredit Danmark continues to comply with all thres-  
hold values by a satisfactory margin.  
For all the threshold values, Realkredit Danmark has de-  
fined internal limits to ensure that action is taken in due  
time before a threshold value would potentially be ex-  
ceeded.  
Threshold value  
2024  
2023  
Limit  
Growth in lending1  
Owner-occupied dwellings and  
holiday homes  
Residential rental property  
Agriculture  
-3.2%  
0.4%  
-0.7%  
0.3%  
-2.9%  
6.4%  
-4.1%  
3.7%  
15%  
15%  
15%  
15%  
Other  
Borrower interest-rate risk2  
Properties for residential purpo-  
ses  
5.8%  
5.2%  
6.1%  
5.6%  
25%  
10%  
Interest-only option3  
Owner-occupied dwellings and  
holiday homes  
Loans with short-term funding4  
Refinancing, annually  
17.5%  
0.5%  
12.4%  
0.6%  
25%  
12.5%  
Refinancing, quarterly  
Large exposures5  
Loans relative to shareholders’  
equity  
75%  
71%  
100%  
1 Annual growth must be lower than 15% unless the size of the segment is  
smaller than the institutions total capital.  
2 The proportion of loans for which the loan-to-value ratio is at least 75% of the  
statutory maximum loan limit and for which the interest rate has been locked for  
up to two years must not represent more than 25% of the total loan portfolio.  
3 The proportion of interest-only loans for which the loan-to-value ratio is more  
than 75% of the statutory maximum loan limit must represent less than 10% of  
the total loan portfolio.  
4 The proportion of lending to be refinanced must be less than 12.5% per quarter  
and less than 25% of the total loan portfolio.  
5 The sum of the 20 largest exposures must be less than core equity tier 1 capital.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 23  
 
Management  
Management  
Directors and in accordance with the laws and regula-  
tions applicable to mortgage credit institutions.  
Realkredit Danmark A/S is a wholly owned subsidiary  
of Danske Bank A/S. The Board of Directors of  
Realkredit Danmark consists of seven directors, of  
whom five are elected by the shareholder and two are  
elected by the employees of Realkredit Danmark A/S.  
Realkredit Danmark applies the “Three Lines of De-  
fence” model for risk ownership, oversight and assur-  
ance. All employees are responsible for contributing to  
effective management of risks according to their role.  
The below figure presents the division of duties across  
the three lines of defence, which supports a culture of fi-  
nancial and non-financial risk management being an in-  
tegral part of the day-to-day operation of the business  
activities at all levels at Realkredit Danmark.  
At the annual general meeting on 11 March 2024, the  
members of the Board of Directors elected by the share-  
holder were re-elected. Throughout 2024, the members  
of the Board of Directors were thus the same, although  
the number of board members was increased when Jakob  
Bøss joined the Board of Directors in April 2024. Jacob  
Bøss is employed at Danske Bank as Head of Group Po-  
sitioning & Sustainability and brings comprehensive ex-  
perience within these areas into the board room.  
The Board of Directors thus has the following members:  
Christian Bornfeld (chairman), Magnus Thor Agustsson  
(vice chairman), Jakob Bøss, Jesper Koefoed, Linda  
Fagerlund, Majken Hammer Sløk and Christian Hil-  
ligsøe Heinig.  
Throughout 2024, the Executive Management of  
Realkredit Danmark consisted of Kamilla Hammerich  
Skytte (Chief Executive Officer) and Bjarne Aage  
Jørgensen.  
The Board of Directors defines the business model and  
strategy for Realkredit Danmark and the overall princi-  
ples for managing the risks associated with the business.  
The Executive Management is responsible for the day-  
to-day management and operation of Realkredit Dan-  
mark’s business activities and must comply with the  
guidelines and directions given by the Board of Direc-  
tors. The rules of procedure lay down the precise divi-  
sion of responsibilities between the Board of Directors  
and the Executive Management.  
The Second Line of Defence functions are the independ-  
ent Compliance function and the independent Risk func-  
tion.  
The independent Compliance function is responsible for  
monitoring and assessing Realkredit Danmark’s compli-  
ance with applicable laws and regulation and the internal  
framework set by the Board of Directors. In practice,  
some of the tasks of the Compliance function are out-  
sourced to Danske Bank, but the overall accountability  
for the second line Compliance function lies with the  
Head of Compliance at Realkredit Danmark, who reports  
directly to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and has a  
direct reporting and escalation line to the Board of Di-  
rectors. In addition, the head of Compliance has a dotted  
line to Group Compliance to ensure that material risks  
are reported and escalated for Group oversight as well as  
to ensure that Realkredit Danmark’s compliance risk  
management is aligned with Group standards.  
Members of the board elected by the shareholder are  
elected for a term of one year and are eligible for re-  
election. Employee representatives are elected for a term  
of four years (most recently in 2021) and are eligible for  
re-election as long as they are employed by Realkredit  
Danmark.  
Please refer to pages 77-78 for the required information  
about directorships held by members of the Board of Di-  
rectors and members of the Executive Management.  
The independent Risk function is responsible for (i) pro-  
moting a sound risk culture, (ii) setting standards for ef-  
fective management of the risks to which Realkredit  
Danmark is exposed (iii) ensuring that material risks are  
identified, measured, managed and reported correctly,  
(iv) keeping oversight of risk exposures and monitor that  
they remain within the tolerance and limits set by the  
Board of Directors, and (v) reporting risk exposure and  
risk related concerns independently to the Executive  
Management and the Board of Directors.  
Compliance and risk management  
Realkredit Danmark continues to focus on ensuring a ro-  
bust risk and compliance culture across its organisation,  
thereby ensuring that we live our core value of integrity  
in all interactions with our customers and stakeholders  
and manage the financial and non-financial risks associ-  
ated with the business activities of Realkredit Danmark  
within the framework and guidelines set by the Board of  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 24  
 
The independent Risk function at Realkredit Danmark is  
headed by the Chief Risk Officer (CRO), who reports di-  
rectly to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and has a di-  
rect reporting and escalation line to the Board of Direc-  
tors. Besides, the CRO has a dotted line to Group Risk to  
ensure that material risks are reported and escalated to  
Danske Bank for Group risk oversight purposes. In addi-  
tion, the dotted reporting line to Group Risk ensures that  
Realkredit Danmark has an approach to risk manage-  
ment that is aligned with Group standards.  
Realkredit Danmark has implemented controls to coun-  
ter identified financial reporting risks and regularly mon-  
itors changes in and compliance with relevant legislation  
and other financial reporting rules and regulations. Con-  
trols have been established for the purpose of prevent-  
ing, detecting and correcting errors or irregularities in fi-  
nancial reporting.  
As previously mentioned, Realkredit Danmark continu-  
ously outsources a large part of the day-to-day operation  
of its business activities to Danske Bank to achieve tech-  
nical and operational benefits. Realkredit Danmark has  
established a governance structure to monitor the out-  
sourced activities and to ensure a procedure involving  
ongoing reporting for the individual organisational levels  
within Realkredit Danmark. Internal management report-  
ing is based on the same principles as external reporting.  
The ownership of risks at Realkredit Danmark lies with  
the first line functions, which include business units and  
support functions. In the day-to-day risk management  
work, the first line functions are supported and advised  
by the first line risk function, Business Risk & Govern-  
ance.  
The Head of Business Risk & Governance reports di-  
rectly to the Executive Management and participates in  
Realkredit Danmark’s risk committee and product com-  
mittee meetings. Further, the designated anti-money  
laundering officer and the designated outsourcing officer  
for Realkredit Danmark form part of the Business Risk  
& Governance function.  
Internal Audit performs auditing of operational pro-  
cesses at Realkredit Danmark to assess the effectiveness  
of the company’s risk management, controls and govern-  
ance. The planning and performance of the work of In-  
ternal Audit is subject to the provisions of the Danish  
Executive Order on Auditing, the International Stand-  
ards on Auditing (ISAs) as well as the International  
Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Audit-  
ing (IPPF).  
Realkredit Danmark continuously outsources a large part  
of the day-to-day operation of its business activities to  
Danske Bank to achieve technical and operational bene-  
fits. On the risk management side, this involves specific  
outsourcing of risk management responsibilities imposed  
on assigned owners within Realkredit Danmark’s own  
organisation to the specific outsourcing arrangements  
with Danske Bank according to an outsourcing frame-  
work and governance model adopted by the senior man-  
agement of Realkredit Danmark.  
The Executive Management regularly reports to the  
Board of Directors on compliance with the risk and in-  
vestment framework set out and the statutory investment  
rules. The Board of Directors also receives accounting  
information on an ongoing basis. Compliance reports to  
the Board of Directors in respect of compliance and any  
non-compliance with internal business procedures and  
policies.  
Internal control and risk management systems used  
in the financial reporting process and Internal Audit  
As laid down in the Danish Financial Business Act, the  
Board of Directors is responsible for ensuring that the  
Executive Management maintains effective procedures  
to identify, monitor and report on risks, adequate internal  
control procedures as well as satisfactory IT controls and  
security measures.  
Audit Committee  
The Board of Directors has set up an audit committee to  
prepare the work of the Board of Directors on financial  
reporting and audit matters, including related risk mat-  
ters, which the Board of Directors, the committee itself,  
the external auditors or the Head of Group Internal Audit  
intends to review further. The committee works on the  
basis of clearly defined terms of reference. The commit-  
tee has no independent decision-making powers but re-  
ports to the Board of Directors as a whole. In 2024, the  
Audit Committee held four meetings.  
Good accounting practices are based on authorities, seg-  
regation of duties, regular reporting requirements and  
significant transparency in respect of the Group’s busi-  
ness.  
Realkredit Danmark regularly assesses risks in relation  
to financial reporting, with particular focus on items  
where estimates and assessments could significantly af-  
fect the value of assets or liabilities. These critical finan-  
cial statement items are listed under Significant account-  
ing estimates and assessments.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 25  
 
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 26  
 
Income statement and Comprehensive  
income  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Note  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Income statement  
Interest income  
Interest expense  
4
5
22,754
16,297
22,458
16,201
22,752  
16,297  
22,455  
16,201  
Net interest income  
Fee and commission income  
Fee and commission expense  
6,457
931
910
6,257
906
976
6,455  
931  
910  
6,254  
906  
976  
3
2
2, 6  
3
Net interest, fee and commission income  
Value adjustments  
Other operating income  
6,478
727
95
6,187
633
84
6,476  
728  
2
6,184  
633  
1
7-9  
Staff costs and administrative expenses  
Impairment, depreciation and amortisation charges  
Loan impairment charges  
1,008
2
333
-
1,054
1
-114
-
948  
1
332  
24  
998  
-
-115  
21  
10  
33  
Income from associated and group undertakings  
Profit before tax  
Tax  
5,957
1,533
5,963
1,569
5,949  
1,525  
5,956  
1,562  
11  
Net profit for the year  
4,424
4,394
4,424  
4,394  
Proposal for allocation of profits  
Net profit for the year  
Transferred from other reserves  
4,424  
3,451  
4,394  
-826  
Total for allocation  
Portion attributable to  
Reserves in series  
Other reserves  
7,875  
3,568  
3,475  
-
4,400  
3,568  
-
-
Proposed dividends  
Total allocation  
7,875  
3,568  
4,394  
Comprehensive income  
Net profit for the year  
4,424
4,394
4,424  
Other comprehensive income  
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss  
Actuarial gains/losses on defined benefit plans  
Tax  
-6
-1
-65
-17
-6  
-1  
-65  
-17  
Total other comprehensive income  
-5
-48
-5  
-48  
Total comprehensive income for the year  
4,419
4,346
4,419  
4,346  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 27  
 
Balance sheet  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Note  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
ASSETS  
Cash in hand and demand deposits with central banks  
Due from credit institutions and central banks  
Bonds at fair value  
Bonds at amortised cost  
Mortgage loans at fair value  
Loans and other amounts due at amortised cost  
Shares  
10,802
6,826
24,367
27,922
8,075
3,543
16,804
32,773
10,802  
6,751  
24,367  
27,922  
755,539  
191  
8,075  
3,474  
16,804  
32,773  
12  
13  
14  
15-16, 19  
15, 17-19  
755,539
753,624
753,624  
207
2
219
3
198  
-
-
33  
Holdings in group undertakings  
Other tangible assets  
-
2
-
3
128  
2
124  
3
Current tax assets  
Deferred tax assets  
Assets temporarily taken over  
Other assets  
Prepayments  
166
-
13
1,175
2
-
-
17
1,201
1
166  
-
13  
1,063  
1
-
-
17  
1,055  
1
20  
21  
19, 22  
Total assets  
827,023
816,263
826,945  
816,148  
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY  
AMOUNTS DUE  
23  
24  
Due to credit institutions and central banks  
Issued mortgage bonds at fair value  
Current tax liabilities  
3,500
762,125
-
2,000
756,509
117
3,500  
762,125  
2,000  
756,509  
117  
-
-
20  
Deferred tax liabilities  
49
459
-
25, 26  
Other liabilities  
6,707
6,955
6,622  
6,832  
Total amounts due  
772,381
766,040
772,247  
765,458  
PROVISIONS  
20  
26  
Deferred tax  
-
-
-
-
54  
2
465  
2
Reserves in early series subject to a reimbursement obligation  
Total provisions  
-
-
56  
467  
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY  
Share capital  
Reserves in series  
Other reserves  
630
48,660
952
630
47,276
2,317
-
630  
48,660  
952  
630  
47,276  
2,317  
-
Proposed dividends  
4,400
4,400  
Total shareholders' equity  
Total liabilities and equity  
54,642
50,223
54,642  
50,223  
827,023
816,263
826,945  
816,148  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 28  
 
Statement of capital  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Share  
Capital  
Reserves  
in series  
Other  
reserves  
Proposed  
dividends  
(DKK millions)  
Total  
Shareholders' equity at 1 January 2024  
Net profit for the year  
630
-
47,276
3,475
2,317
949
-
-
50,223
4,424
Other comprehensive income  
Actuarial gains/losses on defined benefit plans  
Tax  
-
-
-
-
-6
1
-
-
-6
1
Total other comprehensive income  
-
-
-
-5
-
-
-5
Total comprehensive income for the year  
3,475
944
4,419
Transferred from/to Other reserves  
Dividend paid  
Proposed dividends  
-
-
-
-2,091
2,091
-
-4,400
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4,400
Shareholders' equity at 31 December 2024  
630
48,660
952
4,400
54,642
Shareholders' equity at 1 January 2023  
Net profit for the year  
630
-
45,171
3,568
76
826
3,600
-
49,477
4,394
Other comprehensive income  
Actuarial gains/losses on defined benefit plans  
Tax  
-
-
-
-
-65
17
-
-
-65
17
Total other comprehensive income  
-
-
-
-48
-
-
-48
Total comprehensive income for the year  
3,568
778
4,346
Transferred from/to Other reserves  
Dividend paid  
Proposed dividends  
-
-
-
-1,463
1,463
-
-3,600
-
-
-3,600
-
-
-
-
-
Shareholders' equity at 31 December 2023  
630
47,276
2,317
-
50,223
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 29  
 
Statement of capital  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Share  
Capital  
Reserves  
in series  
Other  
reserves  
Proposed  
dividends  
(DKK millions)  
Total  
Shareholders' equity at 1 January 2024  
Net profit for the year  
630  
-
47,276  
3,475  
2,317  
949  
-
-
50,223  
4,424  
Other comprehensive income  
Actuarial gains/losses on defined benefit plans  
Tax  
-
-
-
-
-6  
1
-
-
-6  
1
Total other comprehensive income  
-
-
-
-5  
-
-
-5  
Total comprehensive income for the year  
3,475  
944  
4,419  
Transferred from/to Other reserves  
Dividend paid  
Proposed dividends  
-
-
-
-2,091  
2,091  
-
-4,400  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4,400  
Shareholders' equity at 31 December 2024  
630  
48,660  
952  
4,400  
54,642  
Shareholders' equity at 1 January 2023  
Net profit for the year  
630  
-
45,171  
3,568  
76  
826  
3,600  
-
49,477  
4,394  
Other comprehensive income  
Actuarial gains/losses on defined benefit plans  
Tax  
-
-
-
-
-65  
17  
-
-
-65  
17  
Total other comprehensive income  
-
-
-
-48  
-
-
-48  
Total comprehensive income for the year  
3,568  
778  
4,346  
Transferred from/to Other reserves  
Dividend paid  
Proposed dividends  
-
-
-
-1,463  
1,463  
-
-3,600  
-
-
-3,600  
-
-
-
-
-
Shareholders' equity at 31 December 2023  
630  
47,276  
2,317  
-
50,223  
At the end of 2024, the share capital was made up of 6,300,000 shares of DKK 100 each. All shares carry the same rights; there is thus only one class of  
shares. The company is wholly-owned by Danske Bank A/S, Copenhagen. Realkredit Danmark A/S and group undertakings are included in the consolidated  
financial statements of Danske Bank A/S, Copenhagen.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 30  
 
Statement of capital  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
31 December  
31 December  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
Total capital and Total capital ratio  
Shareholders´ equity  
54,642  
50,223  
Proposed dividends  
-4,400  
-
Deferred tax assets  
-
-
Prudent valuation  
-7  
-8  
Minimum Loss Coverage for Non-Performing Exposures  
-374  
-223  
Defined benefit pension fund assets  
-81  
-90  
Common equity tier 1 capital  
49,780  
49,902  
Difference between expected losses and impairment charges  
-
-
Tier 1 capital  
49,780  
49,902  
Reserves in series subject to a reimbursement obligation  
-
-
Difference between expected losses and impairment charges  
-
654  
Total capital  
49,780  
50,556  
Risk exposure amount  
156,269  
160,244  
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (%)  
31.9  
31.1  
Tier 1 capital ratio (%)  
31.9  
31.1  
Total capital ratio (%)  
31.9  
31.5  
At end-2024, total capital and the total risk exposure amount are calculated in accordance with the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR/CRD).  
The solvency need calculation is described in more detail on rd.dk.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 31  
 
Statement of capital  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
31 December  
31 December  
2023  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
Total capital and Total capital ratio  
Shareholders´ equity  
Proposed dividends  
54,642  
-4,400  
-
50,223  
-
-
Deferred tax assets  
Prudent valuation  
-7  
-8  
Minimum Loss Coverage for Non-Performing Exposures  
Defined benefit pension fund assets  
-374  
-81  
-223  
-90  
Common equity tier 1 capital  
Difference between expected losses and impairment charges  
49,780  
-
49,902  
-
Tier 1 capital  
49,780  
49,902  
Reserves in series subject to a reimbursement obligation  
Difference between expected losses and impairment charges  
-
-
-
654  
Total capital  
49,780  
50,556  
Risk exposure amount  
156,256  
160,194  
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (%)  
Tier 1 capital ratio (%)  
Total capital ratio (%)  
31.9  
31.9  
31.9  
31.2  
31.2  
31.6  
At end-2024, total capital and the total risk exposure amount are calculated in accordance with the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR/CRD).  
The solvency need calculation is described in more detail on rd.dk.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 32  
 
Cash flow statement  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
Cash flow from operating activities  
Profit before tax  
5,957
5,963
Adjustment for other non-cash operating items  
Amortisation, depreciation and impairment charges  
Loan impairment charges  
2
230
1
-174
Tax paid  
-1,827
-1,011
Cash flow from operations before changes in operating capital  
4,362
4,779
Cash flow from operating capital  
Bonds and shares  
Mortgage loans  
Issued mortgage bonds  
Due to credit institutions  
Other assets/liabilities  
-2,588
11,589
-8,702
1,500
-151
-2,362
-4,131
7,211
-
960
Cash flow from operating activities  
6,010
6,457
Cash flow from investing activities  
Acquisition of tangible assets  
Sale of tangible assets  
-
-
-
-
Cash flow from investing activities  
-
-
Cash flow from financing activities  
Dividends  
-
-
-3,600
-3,600
Cash flow from financing activities  
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January  
Change in cash and cash equivalents  
11,618
6,010
8,761
2,857
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December  
17,628
11,618
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December  
Cash in hand and demand deposits with central banks  
Amounts due from credit institutions and central banks  
within 3 months  
10,802
8,075
6,826
3,543
Total  
17,628
11,618
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 33  
 
Notes  
Note  
1
MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES  
General  
Realkredit Danmark prepares its consolidated financial statements  
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards  
(IFRS Accounting Standards) and applicable interpretations  
(IFRIC) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board  
(IASB), as adopted by the EU. Furthermore, the consolidated finan-  
cial statements comply with the Danish FSA’s executive order No.  
1306 dated 16 December 2008 on the use of IFRS Accounting  
Standards by undertakings subject to the Danish Financial Business  
Act.  
Changes to material accounting policies  
Amendments to IFRS 7 and IAS 7 (supplier finance arrangements),  
IFRS 16 (sale and leaseback transactions), and IAS 1 (classification  
of liabilities; liabilities with covenants) became effective for the  
period beginning 1 January 2024. The amendments had no impact  
on the financial statements.  
The accounting policies are unchanged from those applied in An-  
nual Report 2023.  
For the purpose of clarity, the notes to the financial statements are  
prepared using the concepts of materiality and relevance. This  
means that information not considered material in terms of quanti-  
tative and qualitative measures or relevant to financial statement  
users is not presented in the notes.  
Significant accounting estimates and judgements  
The preparation of financial information requires, in some cases,  
the use of judgements and estimates by management. This includes  
judgements made when applying accounting policies. The most sig-  
nificant judgements made when applying accounting policies relate  
to the fair value measurement of mortgage loans.  
Further, the carrying amounts of some assets and liabilities requires  
the estimation of the effects of uncertain future events on those as-  
sets and liabilities. The estimates are based on premises that man-  
agement finds reasonable but which are inherently uncertain and  
unpredictable. The premises may be incomplete, unexpected future  
events or situations may occur, and other parties may arrive at other  
estimated values. In view of the inherent uncertainties and the high  
level of subjectivity and judgement involved in the recognition and  
measurement of the following items, it is possible that the out-  
comes in the next financial year could differ from those on which  
management’s estimates are based.  
Fair value measurement of mortgage loans  
The fair value of mortgage loans is based on the fair value of the  
underlying issued mortgage bonds adjusted for changes in the fair  
value of the credit risk on borrowers. In addition to the expected  
credit losses, a collective assessment determines the need for adjust-  
ments to reflect other components in the fair value measurement,  
such as an assessment of an investors risk premium, compensation  
for administrative costs related to the loans and the possibility to in-  
crease the credit margin if the credit risk increases.  
The fair value of the credit risk on the borrower is based on the ex-  
pected credit loss impairment model in IFRS 9, which depends on  
whether the credit risk has increased significantly since initial  
recognition. If the credit risk has not increased significantly, the im-  
pairment charge equals the expected credit losses resulting from de-  
fault events that are possible within the next 12 months (stage 1). If  
the credit risk has increased significantly, the loan is more than 30  
days past due, or the loans is in default or otherwise impaired, the  
impairment charge equals the lifetime expected credit losses (stages  
2 and 3).  
In determining the impairment for expected credit losses, manage-  
ment exercises judgement and uses estimates and assumptions. The  
expected credit loss is calculated for all individual loans as a func-  
tion of PD (probability of default), EAD (exposure at default) and  
LGD (loss given default) and incorporates forward-looking infor-  
mation. The estimation of expected credit losses involves forecast-  
ing future economic conditions over a number of years. Such fore-  
casts are subject to management judgement and those judgements  
may be sources of measurement uncertainty that have significant  
risk of resulting in a material adjustment to a carrying amount in fu-  
ture periods.  
The incorporation of forward-looking elements reflects the expecta-  
tions of the Group’s senior management and involves the creation  
of scenarios (base case, upside and downside), including an assess-  
ment of the probability for each scenario. The purpose of using  
multiple scenarios is to model the non-linear impact of assumptions  
about macroeconomic factors on the expected credit losses.  
The forward-looking information is based on a three-year forecast  
period converging to steady state in year seven. That is, after the  
forecast period, the macroeconomic scenarios revert slowly towards  
a steady state.  
The applied scenarios that drive the expected credit loss calculation  
in the fourth quarter of 2024 have been updated with the latest mac-  
roeconomic data. Compared to the end of 2023, the base case and  
upside scenarios have been revised to reflect expectations of lower  
inflation, decreasing interest rates, improved house prices and im-  
proved growth momentum.  
The base case is an extension of the Group’s official view of the  
Nordic economies (the Nordic Outlook report). At 31 December  
2024, the base case scenario reflects a soft landing with economic  
growth moving toward normalised levels. Inflation is coming down  
quickly, and fairly rapid interest cuts are consequently expected.  
The Nordic property markets have generally recovered, and price  
increases are expected, as consumers regain purchasing power.  
The upside scenario represents a slightly better outlook than the  
base case scenario across the macroeconomic parameters. In this  
scenario, it is predominantly the European businesses’ profit mar-  
gins and not prices that absorb the adjustment to higher wage costs  
and inflation returns more sustainably to target than in the base  
case. Central banks no longer hesitate to cut interest rates and all  
Nordic central banks loosen policies a bit quicker than in the base  
case. This boosts consumer sentiment, increasing private consump-  
tion and strengthening the housing market.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 34  
 
Notes  
Note  
The downside scenario is a severe recession with high interest rates  
scenario (reflecting a stagflation scenario) applied in the Group’s  
ICAAP processes, which is similar in nature to regulatory stress  
tests. The severe recession scenario reflects negative growth, in-  
creasing interest rates, and falling property prices for a longer pe-  
riod. The use of the downside scenario was introduced to better cap-  
ture the elevated risk from high interest rates and high inflation. A  
trigger of the economic setback could be continued macroeconomic  
worsening and challenges linked to high business costs while infla-  
tion remain elevated. This adversely impacts the labour market, re-  
sults in higher and more persistent unemployment. This would lead  
to a severe slowdown in the economies in which the Group is repre-  
sented.  
The scenario weighting is unchanged from 2023. The weight on the  
base case scenario is 60% (60% in 2023), the upside scenario is  
weighted 20% (20% in 2023), and the downside scenario is  
weighted 20% (20% in 2023).  
At the end of 2024, the fair value adjustment of the credit risk on  
mortgage loans was calculated at DKK 2,837 million (2023:  
DKK 2,656 million), reducing the value of mortgage loans. The  
base case scenario enters with a probability of 60% (2023: 60%),  
the downside scenario with a probability of 20% (2023: 20%) and  
the upside scenario with a probability of 20% (2023: 20%). If the  
base case scenario was assigned a probability of 100%, the fair  
value adjustment at end-2024 would be DKK 2,375 million (2023:  
DKK 2,450 million). The fair value adjustment at the end of 2024  
would increase to DKK 4,750 million (2023: DKK 4,225 million) if  
the downside scenario was assigned a probability of 100%. If in-  
stead the upside scenario was assigned a probability of 100%, the  
fair value adjustment would decrease to DKK 2,325 million (2023:  
DKK 2,400 million).  
According to the Group’s definition of a significant increase in  
credit risk, i.e. when a loan is transferred from stage 1 to stage 2,  
loans with an initial PD below 1% are transferred to stage 2 if the  
loan’s 12-month PD has increased by at least 0.5 of a percentage  
point and the loan’s lifetime PD has doubled since origination. The  
allowance account is relatively stable in terms of changes to the def-  
inition of significant increase in credit risk. At 31 December 2024,  
the allowance account would increase by DKK 30 million (2023:  
DKK 25 million), if instead an increase in the loan’s 12-month PD  
by at least 0.25 of a percentage point combined with a doubling of  
the lifetime PD was considered a significant increase in credit risk.  
Management applies judgement when determining the need for  
post-model adjustments. At the end of 2024, the post-model adjust-  
ments amounted to DKK 1,149 million (2023: DKK 1,241 million).  
The adjustments cover for instance specific macroeconomic risks on  
certain industries that are not specifically captured by the expected  
credit loss model e.g. effects from climate risk or the macroeco-  
nomic uncertainty. The total balance of post-model adjustments has  
been reduced slightly compared to end of 2023 mainly due to the  
improved macroeconomic outlook.  
Consolidation  
Group undertakings  
The financial statements consolidate the parent company and group  
undertakings in which the Group has control. Control exists if  
Realkredit Danmark A/S is exposed to variable returns from the en-  
tity and, directly or indirectly, holds more than half of the voting  
rights in an undertaking or otherwise has power to control manage-  
ment and operating policy decisions affecting the variable returns.  
The consolidated financial statements are prepared by consolidating  
items of the same nature and eliminating intra-group transactions,  
balances and trading profits and losses.  
Segment reporting  
Realkredit Danmark operates two primary business segments, mort-  
gage finance and a proprietary portfolio. The business segments are  
based on ongoing internal reporting of customer-facing activities  
(mortgage finance) and risk management (proprietary portfolio).  
The part of the bond portfolio that is not related to mortgage lend-  
ing operations is managed under the proprietary portfolio segment.  
Translation of transactions in foreign currencies  
The presentation currency of the consolidated financial statements  
is Danish kroner, which is the functional currency of Realkredit  
Danmark.  
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into Danish kroner  
using the exchange rates applicable on the transaction date. Gains  
and losses on exchange rate differences arising between the transac-  
tion date and the settlement date are recognised in the income state-  
ment.  
Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are translated at  
the exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Exchange rate adjust-  
ments of monetary assets and liabilities arising as a result of differ-  
ences in the exchange rates at the transaction date and at the balance  
sheet date are recognised in the income statement.  
Financial instruments general  
Regular way purchases and sales of financial instruments are recog-  
nised and derecognised at the settlement date. Fair value adjust-  
ments of unsettled financial instruments are recognised from the  
trade date to the settlement date for financial instruments subse-  
quently recognised at fair value over profit or loss.  
Classification  
Financial assets are classified at initial recognition on the basis of  
the company’s business model adopted for managing the assets and  
on their contractual cash flow characteristics (including embedded  
derivatives, if any) into one of the following measurement catego-  
ries:  
Amortised cost if the assets are held exclusively for the  
purpose of collecting contractual cash flows and if the cash  
flows are payments of principal and interest on the princi-  
pal amount outstanding solely.  
Fair value through other comprehensive income if the as-  
sets are held for the purpose of both collecting contractual  
cash flows and selling and if cash flows are payments of  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 35  
 
Notes  
Note  
principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding  
solely. The Group has no financial assets in this category.  
Fair value through profit or loss for all other financial as-  
sets.  
At initial recognition, a financial liability is assigned to one of the  
following categories:  
Issued mortgage bonds are designated at fair value through  
profit or loss using the fair value option of IFRS 9 in order  
not to create an accounting mismatch that would otherwise  
arise. See below.  
Other financial liabilities, including “Senior debt” meas-  
ured at amortised cost.  
Mortgage loans and issued mortgage bonds at fair value through  
profit or loss (FVPL)  
Mortgage loans granted under Danish mortgage finance law are  
funded by issuing listed mortgage bonds with matching terms. Bor-  
rowers may repay such mortgage loans by delivering the underly-  
ing bonds. This represents an option to prepay at the fair value of  
the underlying bonds, which can be both above and below the prin-  
cipal amount plus accrued interest. Such an option is not consistent  
with the solely payments of principal and interest test (SPPI test) in  
IFRS 9, as changes in the fair value of the underlying bonds reflect  
other factors than interest rate developments. Consequently, regard-  
less of the fact that the business model is to receive the contractual  
cash flows, such loans are mandatorily recognised at fair value  
through profit or loss.  
If the issued mortgage bonds are valued at amortised cost, and the  
mortgage loans, which are funded by the issued mortgage bonds  
with matching terms, are valued at fair value through profit or loss,  
a timing difference will arise in the recognition of gains and losses  
in the financial statements.  
To eliminate this random timing difference in the recognition of  
gains and losses, both mortgage loans and issued mortgage bonds  
are valued at fair value through profit or loss (for the issued bonds  
by using the fair value option of IFRS 9).  
The fair value of the mortgage loans is based on the fair value of  
the underlying mortgage bonds adjusted for the credit risk on bor-  
rower/the Group’s customer. This entails that the fair value adjust-  
ment of the mortgage loans in all material respects balance out the  
fair value adjustment of the issued bonds. Consequently, the total  
fair value adjustment of the issued mortgage bonds, including the  
proportion relating to own credit risk, is recognised in the income  
statement, as recognition of the fair value adjustment of own credit  
risk in other comprehensive income would lead to an accounting  
mismatch in the income statement.  
The fair value adjustment of the mortgage loans and the issued  
mortgage bonds is recognised under Value adjustments, except for  
the part of the value adjustment that concerns the credit risk on  
mortgage loans: this part is recognised under Loan impairment  
charges.  
The table below shows the distribution of the Group’s financial instruments by valuation method:  
Fair value through profit or loss  
Managed on fair-  
Due to  
Amortised cost  
Trading portfolio  
value basis  
SPPI test  
Designated  
Total  
Assets  
Cash in hand and demand deposits  
with central banks  
10,802  
-
-
-
-
10,802  
Due from credit institutions and  
central banks  
6,826  
-
-
-
-
6,826  
Bonds  
27,922  
-
24,367  
-
-
52,289  
Loans  
207  
-
-
755,539  
-
755,746  
Shares  
-
-
2
-
-
2
Derivatives (Other assets)  
-
22  
-
-
-
22  
Total assets, 31 December 2024  
45,757  
22  
24,369  
755,539  
-
825,687  
Total assets, 31 December 2023  
44,610  
29  
16,807  
753,624  
-
815,070  
Liabilities  
Due to credit institutions and central  
banks  
3,500  
-
-
-
-
3,500  
Issued bonds  
-
-
-
-
762,125  
762,125  
Derivatives (Other liabilities)  
-
9
-
-
-
9
Total liabilities, 31 December 2024  
3,500  
9
-
-
762,125  
765,634  
Total liabilities, 31 December 2023  
2,000  
186  
-
-
756,509  
758,695  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 36  
 
Notes  
Note  
BALANCE SHEET  
Bonds at fair value  
At initial recognition, these bonds are measured at fair value, ex-  
cluding transaction costs. Subsequently, bonds are measured at fair  
value through profit or loss. The bonds form part of a portfolio,  
which is managed on a fair value basis.  
If an active market exists, fair value is based on the most recently  
observed market price at the balance sheet date.  
If a bond is quoted in a market that is not active, the Group bases its  
measurement on the most recent transaction price. Adjustment is  
made for subsequent changes in market conditions, for instance by  
including transactions in similar bonds that are motivated by normal  
business considerations.  
If no active market exists, fair value is estimated on the basis of  
generally accepted valuation techniques and market-based parame-  
ters.  
Bonds at amortised cost  
Realkredit Danmark has a bond portfolio held for the purpose of  
generating a known return until maturity. The bonds are measured  
at amortised cost. Interest rate risk is not hedged. Impairment  
charges are made for expected credit losses on the basis of a classi-  
fication of the bonds into stages 1, 2 and 3, and the impairment  
equals 12-month expected credit losses for bonds in stage 1 and the  
present value of lifetime expected credit losses for bonds in stages 2  
and 3, cf. the description below in the section Mortgage loans and  
Issued mortgage bonds at fair value. For calculating the present  
value of expected credit losses for discounting purposes, the origi-  
nal effective interest rate is used instead of the current interest rate.  
Mortgage loans and Issued mortgage bonds at fair value  
At initial recognition, mortgage loans and issued mortgage bonds  
are measured at fair value, excluding transaction costs. Subse-  
quently, these financial instruments are measured at fair value  
through profit or loss.  
The fair value of the issued mortgage bonds will usually equal the  
quoted market price. However, a small part of the issued bonds are  
illiquid, and the fair value of these bonds is calculated on the basis  
of a discounted cash flow valuation model.  
The fair value of mortgage loans is based on the fair value of the  
underlying issued mortgage bonds adjusted for changes in the fair  
value of the credit risk on the borrowers. The IFRS 13 estimate of  
the fair value of the expected credit losses is calculated on the basis  
of the IFRS 9 model for calculating impairment of losses on loans  
at amortised cost: expected credit losses, including the classifica-  
tion of loans between stages 1, 2 and 3:  
Stage 1: If the credit risk has not increased significantly, the impair-  
ment equals the expected credit losses resulting from default events  
that are possible within the next 12 months, see however below on  
the collective assessment of the need for further adjustments.  
Stage 2: If the credit risk has increased significantly, the loan is  
transferred to stage 2 and an impairment charge equal to the life-  
time expected credit losses is recognised. A significant credit risk  
increase is considered to occur when the following increase in the  
probability of default (PD) is observed:  
For loans originated below 1% in PD: An increase in the  
loan’s 12-month PD of at least 0.5 of a percentage point  
since origination and a doubling of the loan’s lifetime PD  
since origination  
For loans originated above 1% in PD: An increase in the  
loan’s 12-month PD of 2 percentage points since origination  
or a doubling of the loan’s lifetime PD since origination  
Further, loans that are more than 30 days past due are moved  
from stage 1 to stage 2. Finally, customers subject to forbear-  
ance measures are placed in stage 2, if the Group, in the most  
likely outcome, expects no loss or the customers are in the 2-  
year probation period for performing forborne exposures.  
Stage 3: If the loan is in default, it is transferred to stage 3. A facil-  
ity becomes credit-impaired when one or more events that have a  
detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows have oc-  
curred. This includes observable data about (a) significant financial  
difficulty of the borrower; (b) a breach of contract, such as a default  
or past due event; (c) the borrower, for reasons relating to the bor-  
rower’s financial difficulty, is granted a concession; (d) it is proba-  
ble that the borrower will enter into bankruptcy. Credit-impaired fa-  
cilities are placed in Realkredit Danmark’s rating category 11. For  
rating category 11, all exposures are classified as stage 3. The  
Realkredit Danmark Group uses the option to continue to recognise  
interest income on mortgage loans measured at fair value on the ba-  
sis of the contractual interest rates.  
A definition of default is used in the measurement of expected  
credit losses and the assessment to determine movements between  
stages. The definition of default is also used for internal credit risk  
management and capital adequacy purposes. To support a more har-  
monised approach regarding the application of the definition of de-  
fault, the European Banking Authority (EBA) issued the following  
products that guide the application of the definition of default: the  
Guidelines on the application of the definition of default,  
EBA/GL/2016/07 and the Regulatory Technical Standards (RTS)  
on the materiality threshold for credit obligations past due,  
EBA/RTS/2016/06.  
The Group’s definition of default for accounting purposes aligns  
with the regulatory purposes. All exposures that are considered de-  
fault are also considered Stage 3 exposures. This is applicable for  
exposures that are default due to either the 90 days past due default  
trigger or the unlikeliness to pay default triggers.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 37  
 
Notes  
Note  
The expected credit loss is calculated for all individual loans as a  
function of the probability of default (PD), the exposure at default  
(EaD) and the loss given default (LGD).  
The lifetime expected credit losses cover the expected remaining  
lifetime of the loan. For most loans, the expected lifetime is limited  
to the remaining contractual maturity and adjusted for expected pre-  
payment. For exposures with weak credit quality, the likelihood of  
prepayment is not included.  
The forward-looking elements of the calculation reflect the current  
expectations of senior management. The Danske Bank Group’s inde-  
pendent macroeconomic research unit creates three macroeconomic  
scenarios (base case, upside and downside), including an assessment  
of the probability for each scenario. The purpose of using multiple  
scenarios is to model the non-linear impact of assumptions about  
macroeconomic factors on the expected credit losses. Afterwards  
there is a process to ensure review and sign-off of the scenarios.  
Management’s approval of scenarios can include adjustments to the  
scenarios or to which scenarios are used, the assigned probability  
weighting and post-model adjustments to cover the outlook for par-  
ticular high-risk portfolios, which are not provided by the Group’s  
macroeconomists. The approved scenarios are used to calculate the  
impairment levels. Technically, the forward-looking information is  
used directly in the PDs through an estimate of general changes to  
the PDs and the LGDs in the expected credit loss calculation. How-  
ever, for significant exposures in stage 3, an individual assessment  
of the scenarios, changes to expected credit losses and the related  
probabilities are performed by senior credit officers.  
The forward-looking information is based on a three-year forecast  
period converging to steady state in year seven. The base case is  
based on the macroeconomic outlook as disclosed in the Danske  
Bank Group’s Nordic Outlook reports.  
In addition, a collective assessment determines the need for further  
adjustments to reflect other components in the fair value measure-  
ment, such as an assessment of an investor’s risk premium, compen-  
sation for administrative costs related to the loans and the possibility  
of increasing the credit margin if the credit risk increases. This as-  
sessment also takes into consideration the fact that initial recogni-  
tion of 12-month expected credit losses is not in accordance with  
fair value, and the fact that the expected credit losses during the life-  
time of the asset should be included in the assessment even if the  
credit risk has not increased significantly.  
Loans considered uncollectible are written off. Write-offs are deb-  
ited to the allowance account. Loans are written off once the usual  
collection procedure has been completed and the loss on the individ-  
ual loan can be calculated.  
Due from credit institutions and central banks and Loans and  
other amounts due at amortised cost  
Amounts due from credit institutions and central banks comprise  
amounts due from other credit institutions and time deposits with  
central banks. Reverse transactions (purchases of securities from  
credit institutions and central banks that the Group agrees to resell  
at a later date) are recognised as Amounts due from credit institu-  
tions and central banks with collateral in the securities received. Re-  
verse transactions are made on standard terms and conditions.  
These financial assets are held for the purpose of achieving the con-  
tractual return until expiry and have contractual cash flows reflect-  
ing repayment of principal and interest thereon. Loans and other  
amounts due are therefore carried at amortised cost and consist of  
mortgage payments due and other outlays relating to mortgage loans  
as well as claims against individual borrowers and reserve fund  
mortgages, etc.  
Impairments are made for expected credit losses on the basis of a  
classification of the loans into stages 1, 2 and 3, and the impairment  
equals 12-month expected credit losses for loans in stage 1 and the  
present value of lifetime expected credit losses for loans in stages 2  
and 3, cf. the description above in the section ‘Mortgage loans and  
Issued mortgage bonds at fair value.  
Assets temporarily taken over  
Assets temporarily taken over include tangible assets, which accord-  
ing to a publicly announced plan, the Group expects to sell within  
twelve months. Such assets are measured at the lower of their carry-  
ing amount at the time of classification and their fair value less ex-  
pected costs to sell and are no longer depreciated.  
Properties taken over in connection with non-performing loans and  
which are likely to be sold within 12 months are presented under  
Assets temporarily taken over. Subsequent fair value adjustments  
and gains or losses on disposal are recognised under Loan impair-  
ment charges.  
Other assets  
Pension assets  
The Group’s pension obligations generally consist of defined contri-  
bution pension plans for its staff. Under the defined contribution  
plans, the Group pays regular contributions to insurance companies  
and other institutions. Such payments are expensed as they are  
earned by the staff, and the obligations under the plans are taken  
over by the insurance companies and other institutions.  
Furthermore, the Group operates a defined benefit plan maintained  
under Kreditforeningen Danmarks Pensionsafviklingskasse (pension  
fund). Realkredit Danmark A/S guarantees future payment of a de-  
fined benefit from the time of retirement.  
The pension fund and Realkredit Danmark’s defined benefit plan  
have not accepted new members since 1971, so no pension contribu-  
tions are made. Accordingly, there are no service costs.  
The amounts payable are recognised on the basis of an actuarial  
computation of the present value of expected benefits. The present  
value is calculated on the basis of expected future trends in salaries  
and interest rates, time of retirement, mortality rate and other fac-  
tors.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 38  
 
Notes  
Note  
The fair value of pension assets less the present value of pension  
benefits is carried as a pension asset under Other assets in the bal-  
ance sheet.  
Due to credit institutions and central banks  
Due to credit institutions and central banks include amounts re-  
ceived under repo transactions. These deposits are recognised as  
debt with collateral in the securities surrendered. Repo transactions  
are made on standard terms and conditions. Amounts due to credit  
institutions and central banks are measured at amortised cost.  
Deferred tax assets/Deferred tax liabilities  
Deferred tax on all temporary differences between the tax base of  
assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts is accounted for in  
accordance with the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax is  
recognised under Deferred tax assets or Deferred tax liabilities.  
Deferred tax is measured on the basis of the tax regulations and  
rates that, according to the rules in force at the balance sheet date,  
will apply at the time the deferred tax is expected to crystallise as  
current tax. Changes in deferred tax as a result of adopted changes  
in tax rates are recognised in the income statement based on ex-  
pected cash flows.  
Current tax assets/Current tax liabilities  
Current tax assets and liabilities are recognised in the balance sheet  
as the estimated tax charge on the profit for the year adjusted for  
prepaid tax and prior-year tax payables and receivables.  
Tax assets and liabilities are offset if the Group has a legally en-  
forceable right to set off such assets and liabilities and intends either  
to settle the assets and liabilities on a net basis or to realise the as-  
sets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.  
Shareholders’ equity  
Reserves in series  
Reserves in series comprise series established before 1972 with  
joint and several liability, series established after 1972 without joint  
and several liability, other series, including Danske Kredit and  
mortgage-covered bonds.  
Other reserves  
Other reserves comprise the mortgage credit business that is not in-  
cluded in reserves in series.  
Proposed dividends  
The Board of Directors’ proposal for dividends for the year submit-  
ted to the general meeting is included as a separate reserve in share-  
holders’ equity. The dividends are recognised as a liability when the  
general meeting has adopted the proposal.  
INCOME STATEMENT  
Interest income and expense  
Interest income and expenses include interest and administration  
margins on financial instruments measured at fair value.  
Fees and commission income and expense  
Income, including origination fees, from mortgage loans carried at  
fair value is recognised when the transaction is completed.  
Income and expenses for services provided over a period of time are  
accrued over the period. Transaction fees are recognised on comple-  
tion of the individual transaction.  
Value adjustments  
Value adjustments comprise realised and unrealised capital gains  
and losses on bonds at fair value, mortgage loans, issued mortgage  
bonds and fixed-price agreements as well as exchange rate adjust-  
ments.  
Staff costs and administrative expenses  
Staff costs  
Salaries and other remuneration that the Group expects to pay for  
work carried out during the year are expensed under Staff costs and  
administrative expenses. This item comprises salaries, bonuses, ex-  
penses for share-based payments, holiday allowances, anniversary  
bonuses, pension costs and other remuneration. Performance-based  
pay is expensed as it is earned.  
Performance-based pay and share-based payments  
Performance-based pay is expensed as it is earned. Part of the per-  
formance-based pay for the year is paid in the form of conditional  
shares issued by Danske Bank. Rights to shares under the condi-  
tional share programme vest up to five years after being granted  
provided that the employee, with the exception of retirement, has  
not resigned from the Group. Retirement is not considered as resig-  
nation.  
The fair value of share-based payments at the grant date is expensed  
over the service period that unconditionally entitles the employee to  
the payment. The intrinsic value of the share-based payments is ex-  
pensed in the year in which the share-based payments are earned,  
whereas the time value (if any) is accrued over the remaining ser-  
vice period. Expenses are set off against shareholders’ equity. The  
increase in shareholders’ equity is eliminated by set-off against an  
interim account with Danske Bank A/S. Subsequent changes in the  
fair value are not recognised in the income statement.  
Pension obligations  
The Group’s contributions to defined contribution pension plans are  
recognised in the income statement as they are earned by the em-  
ployees.  
Loan impairment charges  
Loan impairment charges include the fair value adjustment of the  
credit risk on mortgage loans as well as losses on and impairment  
charges for other loans and amounts due.  
The item also includes impairment charges and realised gains and  
losses on acquired assets if the assets qualify as assets temporarily  
taken over.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 39  
 
Notes  
Note  
Tax  
Calculated current and deferred tax on the profit for the year and ad-  
justments of tax charges for previous years are recognised in the in-  
come statement. Tax on items recognised in Other comprehensive  
income is recognised in Other comprehensive income. Similarly, tax  
on items recognised in shareholders’ equity is recognised in Share-  
holders’ equity.  
Comprehensive income  
Total comprehensive income includes the net profit for the year and  
other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income also in-  
cludes actuarial gains or losses on defined benefit pension plans.  
Cash flow statement  
The cash flow statement is prepared according to the indirect  
method. The statement is based on profit for the year before tax and  
shows the consolidated cash flows from operating, investing and fi-  
nancing activities and the increase or decrease in cash and cash  
equivalents during the year.  
Cash and cash equivalents consists of Cash in hand and demand de-  
posits with central banks and amounts due from credit institutions  
and central banks with an original maturity shorter than three  
months.  
Reporting on the ESEF Regulation  
The Commission’s Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/815 on the Eu-  
ropean Single Electronic Format (ESEF Regulation) requires a spe-  
cial digital reporting format for annual report for publicly listed en-  
tities. The ESEF Regulation includes requirements related to the  
preparation of the annual report in XHTML format and iXBRL tag-  
ging of the consolidated financial statements key elements including  
income statement, statement of comprehensive income, balance  
sheet, statement of capital, cash flow statement and notes.  
Realkredit Danmark A/S’ iXBRL tagging is prepared in accordance  
to the ESEF taxonomy which is included in the appendices of the  
ESEF Regulation and is developed based on the IFRS taxonomy  
that is published by IFRS Foundation. For the annual report for  
2024 the ESEF Taxonomy for 2022 has been applied.  
The account balances in the consolidated financial statements are  
XBRL tagged to the elements in the European Single Electronic Re-  
porting (ESEF) Regulation that are assessed to correspond to the  
content of the account balances. For account balances that are as-  
sessed not to be covered by the account balances defined in the  
ESEF taxonomy, Realkredit Danmark A/S has incorporated entity  
specific extensions to the taxonomy. These extensions are except  
subtotals embedded in the elements in the ESEF taxonomy.  
Annual report 2024 comprises in accordance with the require-  
ments of the ESEF Regulation a zip-file RealkreditDanmark-  
2024-12-31-0-en.zip, that includes an XHTML-file, that can be  
opened with standard web browsers and a number of technical  
XBRL files that make automated extracts of the incorporated XBRL  
data possible.  
Standards and interpretations not yet in force  
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has issued  
two new international accounting standards (IFRS 18, Presentation  
and disclosure in financial statements, and IFRS 19, Subsidiaries  
without public accountability) and amendments to existing interna-  
tional accounting standards (IFRS 7, IFRS 9 and IAS 21) that have  
not yet come into force.  
IFRS 18 replaces IAS 1, Presentation of financial statements, with  
particular focus on the presentation of the Income statement, and the  
introduction of Management performance measures. At time of writ-  
ing, it is being assessed how IFRS 18 will impact the presentation of  
the Income statement, however IFRS 18 will not impact sharehold-  
ers equity. IFRS 18 is effective for annual reports beginning on or  
after 1 January 2027.  
IFRS 19 and the amendments to other standards are not expected to  
have any material impact on the Group’s financial statements.  
Accounting policies for the parent company  
The financial statements of the parent company are prepared in ac-  
cordance with the Danish Financial Business Act and the Danish  
FSA’s Executive Order No. 281 of 26 March 2014 on Financial Re-  
ports for Credit Institutions and Investment Companies, etc. as  
amended by Executive Order no. 707 of 1 June 2016, Executive Or-  
der No. 1043 of 5 September 2017, Executive Order No. 1441 of 3  
December 2018, Executive Order No. 1593 of 9 November 2020,  
Executive Order no. 116 of 27 January 2023 and Executive Order  
no. 516 of 17 May 2024. The rules are consistent with the Group’s  
measurement principles under IFRS.  
Holdings in subsidiary undertakings are measured using the equity  
method.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 40  
 
Notes  
Note  
(DKK millions)  
2
Profit broken down by activity  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Mortgage  
Own  
Reclassi-  
2024  
finance  
holdings  
Highlights  
fication  
IFRS  
Administration margin  
5,543  
-
5,543  
-
5,543  
Net interest income  
2,103  
-558  
1,545  
-631  
914  
Net fee income  
21  
-
21  
-
21  
Income from investment portfolios  
11  
85  
96  
-96  
-
Value adjustments  
-
-
-
727  
727  
Other income  
95  
-
95  
-
95  
Total income  
7,773  
-473  
7,300  
-
7,300  
Expenses  
1,007  
3
1,010  
-
1,010  
Profit before loan impairment charges  
6,766  
-476  
6,290  
-
6,290  
Loan impairment charges  
333  
-
333  
-
333  
Profit before tax  
6,433  
-476  
5,957  
-
5,957  
Tax  
1,533  
-
1,533  
Net profit for the year  
4,424  
-
4,424  
Total assets  
772,787  
54,236  
827,023  
-
827,023  
Mortgage  
Own  
Reclassi-  
2023  
finance  
holdings  
Highlights  
fication  
IFRS  
Administration margin  
5,593  
-
5,593  
-
5,593  
Net interest income  
1,796  
-682  
1,114  
-450  
664  
Net fee income  
-70  
-
-70  
-
-70  
Income from investment portfolios  
9
174  
183  
-183  
-
Value adjustments  
-
-
-
633  
633  
Other income  
84  
-
84  
-
84  
Total income  
7,412  
-508  
6,904  
-
6,904  
Expenses  
1,051  
4
1,055  
-
1,055  
Profit before loan impairment charges  
6,361  
-512  
5,849  
-
5,849  
Loan impairment charges  
-114  
-
-114  
-
-114  
Profit before tax  
6,475  
-512  
5,963  
-
5,963  
Tax  
1,569  
-
1,569  
Net profit for the year  
4,394  
-
4,394  
Total assets  
765,705  
50,558  
816,263  
-
816,263  
Mortgage finance encompasses property financing services provided in Denmark, Sweden and Norway to personal and business customers. The  
mediation of property financing services is made through Danske Bank’s branch network and finance centres and through Corporate & Institu-  
tional Mortgage Finance at Realkredit Danmark. The segment also includes mediation of real estate transactions in Denmark offered through the  
“home” real-estate agency chain. Own holdings comprise the net return on the part of the securities portfolio not relating to the mortgage finance  
business. Under the Danish Financial Business Act, at least 60% of the total capital of a mortgage credit institution must be invested in bonds, etc.  
Realkredit Danmark has no branch offices or subsidiaries outside Denmark.  
IFRSs require disclosure if 10% or more of the income derives from a single customer. The Realkredit Danmark Group has no such customers.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 41  
 
Notes  
Note  
2
Profit broken down by activity  
cont´d  
Alternative performance measures  
Financial highlights and reporting for the two business segments correspond to the information incorporated in the Management’s report, which is  
regularly sent to management. The presentation in the financial highlights deviates in certain areas from the financial statements prepared under IFRS  
and therefore represents alternative performance measures. There are generally no adjusting items, which means that net profit is the same in the  
financial highlights and in the IFRS financial statements.  
The reclassification column shows the reconciliation between the presentation in the highlights and in the IFRS financial statements. The difference  
between the presentation in the financial highlights and in the IFRS financial statements is due to the fact that income from trading activities in mort-  
gage credit activities and income from own holdings, except for interest on bonds at amortised cost, is carried in the consolidated highlights as in-  
come from investment portfolios, while in the income statement according to IFRS it is carried under net interest income, value adjustments, etc.  
As the distribution of income between the various income line items in the IFRS income statements can vary considerably from one year to the next,  
depending on the underlying transactions and market conditions, the net presentation in the financial highlights is considered to better reflect income  
in those areas.  
(DKK millions)  
3
Fee and commission income and other operating income  
Fee and commission income relates to mortgage credit activities and primarily concern income from the establishment and change of loans. These are  
recognised at the date of transaction as the loans are measured at fair value through profit or loss. In the business segment reporting and internal manage-  
ment, fees are presented as net figures, i.e. fee income and fee expenses are offset.  
Other income includes franchise income in the amount of DKK 106 million, which is recognised over the term of the franchise agreement (2023:  
DKK 95 million).  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 42  
 
Notes  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Note  
4
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Interest income  
Reverse transactions with credit institutions and central banks  
177  
395  
177  
395  
Credit institutions and central banks  
183  
114  
181  
112  
Loans and other amounts due  
16,085  
15,805  
16,085  
15,805  
Administration margin  
5,543  
5,593  
5,543  
5,593  
Bonds at fair value  
190  
148  
190  
148  
Bonds at amortised cost  
505  
261  
505  
261  
Derivatives  
Interest rate contracts  
54  
137  
54  
137  
Other interest income  
17  
5
17  
4
Total  
22,754  
22,458  
22,752  
22,455  
Interest income derived from  
Assets at fair value  
21,872  
21,683  
21,872  
21,683  
Assets at amortised cost  
882  
775  
880  
772  
Total  
22,754  
22,458  
22,752  
22,455  
5
Interest expense  
Repo transactions with credit institutions and central banks  
130  
354  
130  
354  
Due to credit institutions and central banks  
91  
74  
91  
74  
Issued mortgage bonds etc.  
16,050  
15,753  
16,050  
15,753  
Other interest expense  
26  
20  
26  
20  
Total  
16,297  
16,201  
16,297  
16,201  
Interest expense derived from  
Liabilities at fair value  
16,050  
15,753  
16,050  
15,753  
Liabilities at amortised cost  
247  
448  
247  
448  
Total  
16,297  
16,201  
16,297  
16,201  
6
Value adjustments  
Mortgage loans  
13,685  
24,850  
13,685  
24,850  
Bonds  
409  
284  
409  
284  
Shares  
-1  
-
-
-
Currency  
-10  
8
-10  
8
Derivatives  
-709  
106  
-709  
106  
Other assets  
11  
9
11  
9
Issued mortgage bonds  
-12,658  
-24,624  
-12,658  
-24,624  
Total  
727  
633  
728  
633  
Value adjustments derived from  
Assets and liabilities at fair value  
716  
624  
717  
624  
Assets and liabilities at amortised cost  
11  
9
11  
9
Total  
727  
633  
728  
633  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 43  
 
Notes  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
2024 2023  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
2024 2023  
Note  
7
(DKK millions)  
Staff costs and administrative expenses  
Salaries and remuneration of Executive Management, Board of Directors  
Executive Management  
8
7
8
7
Board of Directors  
1
1
1
1
Total  
9
8
9
8
Staff costs  
Salaries  
169  
162  
145  
139  
Defined contribution pensions  
22  
21  
19  
18  
Other social security costs and taxes  
30  
29  
30  
29  
Total  
221  
212  
194  
186  
Other administrative expenses  
778  
834  
745  
804  
Total staff costs and administrative expenses  
1,008  
1,054  
948  
998  
Number of full-time-equivalent staff (avg.)  
229  
229  
200  
200  
Remuneration of the Board of Directors (DKK thousands)  
Total remuneration  
575  
575  
575  
575  
Members of the Board end of year  
7
6
7
6
Remuneration Report 2024 available at rd.dk provides a detailed description of remuneration paid to the Board of Directors.  
Members of the Board of Directors employed by Danske Bank A/S do not receive remuneration from Realkredit Danmark. During the period that  
members of the Board of Directors were also members of the Executive Leadership Team in Danske Bank A/S, a total remuneration of approxi-  
mately DKK 26.6 million was earned from Danske Bank A/S in 2024 (2023: DKK 26.1 million).  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 44  
 
Notes  
Note  
(DKK millions)  
7
Staff costs and administrative expenses  
Members of the Board of Directors only receive a fixed fee. They are not covered by any incentive programmes at Realkredit Danmark. In addi-  
tion to the fixed fee, a committee fee is paid to the chairman of the Audit Committee.  
Board fees are paid by the parent company Realkredit Danmark A/S. No board member has received remuneration for membership of the Execu-  
tive Management or board of directors of the home a/s subsidiary.  
The Group has no pension obligations towards its board members.  
The total remuneration of the Executive Management of DKK 7.8 million for 2024 (2023: DKK 7.0 million) consists of fixed remuneration of  
DKK 5.8 million (2023: DKK 5.5 million) and variable remuneration of DKK 2.0 million (2023: DKK 1.5 million).  
The remuneration of the Executive Management was paid by the parent company Realkredit Danmark A/S. No member of the Executive Manage-  
ment has received remuneration for membership of the Executive Management or the Board of Directors of the subsidiary home a/s.  
Remuneration Report 2024 available at rd.dk provides a detailed description of remuneration paid to the Executive Management.  
cont’d  
Remuneration of other material risk takers  
In accordance with current legislation of the Danish Financial Business Act and the accompanying order, Realkredit Danmark is required to iden-  
tify all employees whose professional activities could have a material impact on the risk profile of Realkredit Danmark. Other material risk takers  
do not comprise members of the Executive Management or Board of Directors.  
Variable payment for other material risk takers is granted in accordance with the rules of the Danske Bank Group’s remuneration policy, which  
Realkredit Danmark has adopted, the rules of the European Banking Authority (EBA) and the rules of the Danish FSA with respect to split into  
cash and share-based payment and postponement of disbursement. All variable payments are subject to claw back provisions if granted on the  
basis of data which has subsequently proven to be manifestly misstated or inaccurate.  
For 2024, Realkredit Danmark A/S paid remuneration totalling DKK 21.3 million for 14 other material risk takers (2023: DKK 15.6 million for  
12 other material risk takers). The remuneration consists of fixed remuneration of DKK 17.6 million and variable remuneration of DKK 3.7 mil-  
lion (2023: DKK 13.8 million and DKK 1.8 million). Variable remuneration for 2024 is estimated and the final figure is determined at the end of  
February 2025. The final fixed and variable remuneration for material risk takers will be published in the quantitative disclosure on material risk  
takers’ remuneration, compliant with the Danish FSA and EBA requirements. The disclosure will be available at rd.dk in May 2025.  
Realkredit Danmark A/S has no pension obligation towards other material risk takers, as these are covered by defined contribution plans through  
pension funds.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 45  
 
Notes  
Note  
(DKK millions)  
7
Staff costs and administrative expenses  
Pension plans  
Most of the Group’s pension plans are defined contribution plans under which the Group pays contributions to insurance companies. Such pay-  
ments are expensed regularly. The Group has to a minor extent entered into a defined benefit pension plan through Kreditforeningen Danmarks  
Pensionsafviklingskasse, where the Group is under an obligation to pay defined future benefits from the time of retirement. The pension fund and  
the Group’s defined benefit plan has not accepted new members since 1971, so no pension contributions are made. Accordingly, there are no  
service costs.  
The fair value of pension assets less the present value of obligations is recognised under Other assets. At 31 December 2024, the net present value  
of pension obligations was DKK 429 million (2023: DKK 453 million), and the fair value of plan assets was DKK 539 million (2023: DKK 574  
million). Actuarial gains or losses are recognised in Other comprehensive income.  
The calculation of the net obligation is based on valuations made by external actuaries. These valuations rely on assumptions about a number of  
variables, including discount and mortality rates and salary increases. The measurement of the net obligation is particularly sensitive to changes  
in the discount rate. The discount rate is determined by reference to yields on Danish mortgage bonds with terms to maturity matching the terms  
of the pension obligations.  
cont’d  
8
Share-based payments  
The total expense recognised as Operating expenses in 2024 arising from share-based payments was DKK 1.8 million (2023: DKK 1.1 million).  
All share-based payments are equity-settled. The exact number of shares granted for 2024 will be determined at the beginning of April 2025.  
Part of the variable remuneration of Realkredit Danmark’s Executive Management has been granted by way of conditional shares under the bonus  
structure for material risk takers and other employees, as part of their variable remuneration. Such employees have a performance agreement  
based on the performance of the Group. Part of the Danske Bank shares granted to material risk takers are, as required by EBA, deferred, see  
section above on variable payment. The fair value at grant date is measured at the expected monetary value of the underlying agreement.  
Rights to conditional shares vest up to five years after the grant date, provided that the employee, with the exception of retirement, has not re-  
signed from the Group. In addition to this requirement, the vesting of rights is conditional on certain conditions being met. The remuneration is  
subject to backtesting and claw back.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 46  
 
Notes  
Note  
(DKK millions)  
8
The fair value of the conditional shares was calculated as the share price less the payment made by the employee.  
Danske Bank A/S carries hedged the share price risk.  
Share-based payments  
Conditional shares  
Number  
Fair Value (FV)  
At issue  
End of year  
Total  
(DKK millions)  
(DKK millions)  
Granted in 2019  
1 January 2023  
1,327  
Vested 2023  
-1,327  
Forfeited 2023  
-
Other changes 2023  
-
31 December 2023  
-
-
-
Granted in 2020  
1 January 2023  
4,652  
Vested 2023  
-3,293  
Forfeited 2023  
-
Other changes 2023  
-
31 December 2023  
1,359  
0.1  
0.2  
Vested 2024  
-1,359  
Forfeited 2024  
-
Other changes 2024  
-
31 December 2024  
-
-
-
Granted in 2021  
1 January 2023  
3,404  
Vested 2023  
-
Forfeited 2023  
-
Other changes 2023  
-
31 December 2023  
3,404  
0.4  
0.6  
Vested 2024  
-
Forfeited 2024  
-
Other changes 2024  
-
31 December 2024  
3,404  
0.4  
0.7  
cont'd  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 47  
 
Notes  
Note  
(DKK millions)  
8
Share-based payments  
Conditional shares cont´d.  
Number  
Fair Value (FV)  
At issue  
End of year  
Total  
(DKK millions)
(DKK millions)  
Granted in 2022  
1 January 2023  
4,999  
Vested 2023  
-991  
Forfeited 2023  
-
Other changes 2023  
-
31 December 2023  
4,008  
0.5  
0.7  
Vested 2024  
-1,582  
Forfeited 2024  
-
Other changes 2024  
-
31 December 2024  
2,426  
0.3  
0.5  
Granted in 2023  
1 January 2023  
7,429  
Vested 2023  
-4,090  
Forfeited 2023  
-
Other changes 2023  
-
31 December 2023  
3,339  
0.5  
0.6  
Vested 2024  
-749  
Forfeited 2024  
-
Other changes 2024  
-
31 December 2024  
2,590  
0.4  
0.5  
Granted in 2024  
Granted in 2024  
7,339  
Vested 2024  
-3,833  
Forfeited 2024  
-
Other changes 2024  
-
31 December 2024  
3,506  
0.7  
0.7  
cont'd  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 48  
 
Notes  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
2024 2023  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Note  
8
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
Share-based payments  
Holdings of the Executive Management and fair value, end of 2024  
Grant year  
2021-2024  
(DKK millions)  
Number  
FV  
Total  
5,723  
1.17  
Holdings of the Executive Management and fair value, end of 2023  
Grant year  
2020-2023  
(DKK millions)  
Number  
FV  
Total  
4,429  
0.8  
In 2024, the average price at the vesting date for rights to conditional shares was DKK 200.87 (2023: DKK 180.40).  
Remuneration Report 2024 available at rd.dk provides a detailed description of share-based payments to the Board of Directors.  
cont'd  
9
Audit fees  
Audit firm appointed by the general meeting  
Statutory audit of financial statements  
3
2
3
2
Fees for other assurance engagements  
-
1
-
1
Fees for tax advisory services  
-
-
-
-
Fees for other services  
-
-
-
-
Total  
3
3
3
3
10  
Loan impairment charges  
ECL on new assets  
393  
210  
393  
210  
ECL on assets derecognised  
397  
417  
397  
417  
Impact of remeasurement  
297  
75  
297  
75  
Write-offs charged directly to income statement  
37  
31  
36  
30  
Received on claims previously written off  
-3  
13  
-3  
13  
Total  
333  
-114  
332  
-115  
11  
Tax  
Tax on profit for the year  
1,718  
1,507  
1,710  
1,500  
Deferred tax  
-168  
-
-168  
-
Adjustment of prior-year tax charges  
-17  
62  
-17  
62  
Total  
1,533  
1,569  
1,525  
1,562  
Effective tax rate  
Current Danish tax rate  
26.0  
25.2  
26.0  
25.2  
Adjustment of prior-year tax charge  
-0.3  
1.1  
-0.3  
1.0  
Non-taxable items  
-
-
-0.1  
-
Change in deferred tax charge as a result of increased tax rate  
-
-
-
-
Effective tax rate  
25.7  
26.3  
25.6  
26.2  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 49  
 
Notes  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Note  
12  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Due from credit institutions and  
central banks  
On demand  
864  
1,050  
789  
981  
3 months or less  
5,962  
2,493  
5,962  
2,493  
3-12 months  
-
-
-
-
Total  
6,826  
3,543  
6,751  
3,474  
Due from credit institutions  
6,826  
3,543  
6,751  
3,474  
Term deposits with central banks  
-
-
-
-
Total  
6,826  
3,543  
6,751  
3,474  
At fair value  
6,826  
3,543  
6,751  
3,474  
Portion attributable to reverse transactions  
5,962  
2,493  
5,962  
2,493  
The fair value is based on quoted prices.  
In 2024, reverse transactions of DKK 3,121 million were offset against repo transactions (2023: DKK 7,099 million).  
In connection with reverse transactions, Realkredit Danmark is entitled to sell or remortgage the securities.  
In 2024, securities worth DKK 0 million were sold or remortgaged (2023: DKK 0 million).  
13  
Bonds at fair value  
Own mortgage bonds  
77,319  
42,390  
77,319  
42,390  
Other mortgage bonds  
19,929  
16,366  
19,929  
16,366  
Government bond  
4,438  
438  
4,438  
438  
Total  
101,686  
59,194  
101,686  
59,194  
Own mortgage bonds set off against  
issued mortgage bonds  
77,319  
42,390  
77,319  
42,390  
Total  
24,367  
16,804  
24,367  
16,804  
Of Realkredit Danmark's bond portfolio, DKK 22.0 billion has a maturity of less than 12 months, while DKK 2.4 billion has a maturity of 1-5  
years (2023: DKK 15.1 billion and DKK 1.7 billion).  
14  
Bonds at amortised cost  
Other mortgage bonds  
26,260  
27,032  
26,260  
27,032  
Government bonds  
1,662  
5,741  
1,662  
5,741  
Total  
27,922  
32,773  
27,922  
32,773  
Fair value of hold-to-collect assets  
27,743  
31,952  
27,743  
31,952  
The fair value is based on quoted prices.  
Of Realkredit Danmark’s bond portfolio, DKK 25.0 billion has a term to maturity of less than five years, while DKK 2.9 billion has a term to  
maturity of more than five years (2023: DKK 27.0 billion and DKK 5.8 billion).  
After implementation of IFRS 9, the bonds are recognised in connection with impairment for expected credit losses.  
The bonds are recognised in stage 1, and the expected credit losses resulting from default events within the next 12 months are insignificant.  
Realkredit Danmark has placed DKK 27,922 million (end-2023: DKK 32,773 million) of its proprietary portfolio in fixed-rate bonds, which are  
recognised in the financial statements as hold-to-collect investments and are thus measured at amortised cost. At end-2024, Realkredit Dan-  
mark’s bonds at amortised cost exceeded fair value by DKK 179 million (end-2023: DKK 821 million). The interest rate risk duration for the  
portfolio is 3.0 years. As a result, Realkredit Danmark knows the return on the portfolio until maturity, and the fixed-rate hold-to-collect portfo-  
lio is therefore not considered to entail an interest rate risk that needs to be hedged through derivatives.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 50  
 
Notes  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Note  
15  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Total lending  
Mortgage loans, nominal value  
794,566  
806,154  
794,566  
806,154  
Fair value adjustment of underlying bonds  
-36,190  
-49,874  
-36,190  
-49,874  
Adjustment for credit risk  
2,837  
2,656  
2,837  
2,656  
Mortgage loans at fair value  
755,539  
753,624  
755,539  
753,624  
Arrears and outlays  
140  
135  
140  
135  
Other loans  
67  
84  
51  
63  
Total  
755,746  
753,843  
755,730  
753,822  
Apart from being backed by mortgages on properties,  
loans are backed by central and local government  
guarantees and insurance guarantees of  
66,660  
65,954  
66,660  
65,954  
Pass books and bonds have been deposited and guarantees  
provided as supplementary security in a total amount of  
94,990  
97,541  
94,990  
97,541  
Realkredit Danmark has also received various declarations of indemnification without specification of amounts.  
The valuation of the loans is based on the quoted price of the underlying bonds with which borrowers may repay the loans. The regular fluctua-  
tions in the price of the bonds will therefore be offset by a corresponding change in the value of the loans with the result being unaffected by the  
ongoing market value fluctuations, both in terms of interest and the credit risk on the issued bonds. In addition, the value of the loans is affected  
by credit risk changes. In 2024, DKK 181 million was booked as an expense concerning adjustment for credit risk on loans (2023: an income of  
DKK 206 million). The accumulated adjustment for credit risk amounts to DKK 2.8 billion (2023: DKK 2.7 billion).  
16  
Mortgage loans at fair value  
Mortgage loans (nominal value) broken down by  
property category (percentage)  
Owner-occupied dwellings  
49  
49  
49  
49  
Holiday homes  
3
3
3
3
Subsidised residential property  
12  
12  
12  
12  
Private residential rental property  
15  
15  
15  
15  
Industrial and skilled trades property  
3
3
3
3
Office and retail property  
11  
11  
11  
11  
Agricultural property etc.  
5
5
5
5
Property for social, cultural and  
training activities  
2
2
2
2
Total  
100  
100  
100  
100  
0-1 month  
914  
923  
914  
923  
1-3 months  
5,915  
4,601  
5,915  
4,601  
3-12 months  
17,723  
14,908  
17,723  
14,908  
1-5 years  
93,704  
92,458  
93,704  
92,458  
5-10 years  
137,628  
134,525  
137,628  
134,525  
Over 10 years  
499,655  
506,209  
499,655  
506,209  
Total  
755,539  
753,624  
755,539  
753,624  
17  
Loans and other amounts due at amortised cost  
On demand  
140  
135  
140  
135  
3 months or less  
4
4
2
2
3-12 months  
10  
12  
6
7
1-5 years  
21  
25  
12  
13  
Over 5 years  
32  
43  
31  
41  
Total  
207  
219  
191  
198  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 51  
 
Notes  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Note  
18  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Arrears and outlays  
Arrears before impairment charges  
123  
119  
123  
119  
Outlays before impairment charges  
144  
95  
144  
95  
Impairment charges  
127  
79  
127  
79  
Total  
140  
135  
140  
135  
19  
Loans etc.  
Credit exposure gross carrying amount (i.e. before impairments)  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Mortgage loans  
Other loans  
Loan commitments  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Total  
Gross carrying amount at  
1 January 2024  
723,836  
24,427  
8,017  
3,601  
14  
227  
16,924  
204  
68 777,318  
Transferred to stage 1  
5,607  
-5,101  
-506  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Transferred to stage 2  
-11,031  
11,932  
-901  
-
-
-
-103  
103  
-
-
Transferred to stage 3  
-1,735  
-932  
2,667  
-
-1  
1
-
-
-
-
New assets  
81,881  
2,377  
412  
3,284  
1
65  
15,978  
275  
107 104,380  
Assets derecognised  
(other than written off)  
69,866  
3,959  
1,409  
2
1
36  
11,205  
203  
68  
86,749  
Other  
-6,814  
-361  
-165  
-11  
-1  
21  
1,393  
181  
-
-5,757  
Gross carrying amount  
31 December 2024  
721,878  
28,383  
8,115  
6,872  
12  
278  
22,987  
560  
107 789,192  
Mortgage loans  
Other loans  
Loan commitments  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Total  
Gross carrying amount at  
1 January 2023  
675,524  
42,918  
8,858  
3,208  
16  
178  
25,551  
1,338  
396 757,987  
Transferred to stage 1  
19,842 -19,128  
-714  
-
-
-
71  
-71  
-
-
Transferred to stage 2  
-5,448  
6,176  
-728  
-
-
-
-22  
22  
-
-
Transferred to stage 3  
-836  
-908  
1,744  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
New assets  
93,555  
2,024  
336  
401  
1
48  
12,124  
185  
58 108,732  
Assets derecognised  
(other than written off)  
60,941  
6,488  
1,355  
2
2
32  
17,839  
1,267  
383  
88,309  
Other  
2,140  
-167  
-124  
-6  
-1  
33  
-2,961  
-3  
-3  
-1,092  
Gross carrying amount  
31 December 2023  
723,836  
24,427  
8,017  
3,601  
14  
227  
16,924  
204  
68 777,318  
The nominal value of loans written off in 2024 and for which Realkredit Danmark has maintained the claim amounts to DKK 74 million  
(2023: DKK 72 million).  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 52  
 
Notes  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Note  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
19  
cont´d  
Loans etc.  
Reconciliation of total allowance account  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Mortgage loans  
Other loans  
Loan commitments  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Total  
ECL at 1 January 2024 incl.  
impact on loans  
1,047  
638  
971  
23  
15  
22  
12  
2
8
2,738  
Transferred to stage 1  
338  
-215  
-123  
6
-4  
-2  
-
-
-
-
Transferred to stage 2  
-100  
140  
-40  
-2  
3
-1  
-
-
-
-
Transferred to stage 3  
-11  
-26  
37  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ECL on new assets  
142  
157  
29  
3
3
1
48  
3
7
393  
ECL on assets derecognised  
320  
34  
35  
6
1
1
-
-
-
397  
Impact of remeasurement  
-138  
197  
245  
-6  
-1  
-
-
-
-
297  
Write-offs, allowance account  
10  
-
52  
-
-
1
-
-
-
63  
Total allowance account at  
31 December 2024  
948  
857  
1,032  
18  
15  
18  
60  
5
15  
2,968  
Mortgage loans  
Other loans  
Loan commitments  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Total  
ECL at 1 January 2023 incl.  
impact on loans  
609  
1,340  
913  
1
2
1
18  
23  
5
2,912  
Transferred to stage 1  
936  
-818  
-118  
22  
-19  
-3  
-
-
-
-
Transferred to stage 2  
-13  
31  
-18  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Transferred to stage 3  
-3  
-26  
29  
-
-1  
1
-
-
-
-
ECL on new assets  
138  
45  
20  
3
1
-
-
-
3
210  
ECL on assets derecognised  
344  
8
29  
8
-
1
6
21  
-
417  
Impact of remeasurement  
-276  
74  
215  
5
32  
25  
-
-
-
75  
Write-offs, allowance account  
-
-
41  
-
-
1
-
-
-
42  
Total allowance account at  
31 December 2023  
1,047  
638  
971  
23  
15  
22  
12  
2
8
2,738  
Other loans comprise the balance sheet items “Due from credit institutions and central banks”, “Loans and other amounts due at amortised cost”  
and “Other assets”. These loans are valued at amortised cost. For Realkredit Danmark A/S, the credit exposure and total impairments correspond  
to the calculation for the Group with the sole difference that loans in the amount of DKK 16 million in home are excluded (recognised in other  
loans in the tables) (2023: DKK 22 million).  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 53  
 
Notes  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Note  
20  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Deferred tax assets and liabilities  
Deferred tax liabilities  
49  
459  
-
-
Provision for deferred tax  
-
-
54  
465  
Total  
49  
459  
54  
465  
Change in deferred tax  
Recognised in net  
Recognised in other  
Other ad-  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
1 January  
profit for the year
comprehensive income  
justments  
31 December  
2024  
Intangible assets  
-
-
-
-
-
Tangible assets  
-2  
-
-
-
-2  
Securities  
-1  
-
-
-
-1  
Provisions  
514  
-409  
-2  
-48  
55  
Other  
-52  
1
-
48  
-3  
Total  
459  
-408  
-2  
-
49  
Adjustment of prior-year tax charges included in total  
-241  
2023  
Intangible assets  
-
-
-
-
-
Tangible assets  
-2  
-
-
-
-2  
Securities  
2
-3  
-
-
-1  
Provisions  
46  
485  
-17  
-
514  
Other  
-3  
-49  
-
-
-52  
Total  
43  
433  
-17  
-
459  
Adjustment of prior-year tax charges included in total  
434  
Change in deferred tax  
Recognised in net  
Recognised in other  
Other ad-  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
1 January  
profit for the year
comprehensive income  
justments  
31 December  
2024  
Intangible assets  
-
-
-
-
-
Tangible assets  
-1  
-
-
-
-1  
Securities  
-1  
-
-
-
-1  
Provisions  
515  
-409  
-2  
-48  
56  
Other  
-48  
-
-
48  
-
Total  
465  
-409  
-2  
-
54  
Adjustment of prior-year tax charges included in total  
-242  
2023  
Intangible assets  
-
-
-
-
-
Tangible assets  
-1  
-
-
-
-1  
Securities  
2
-3  
-
-
-1  
Provisions  
47  
485  
-17  
-
515  
Other  
-
-48  
-
-
-48  
Total  
48  
434  
-17  
-
465  
Adjustment of prior-year tax charges included in total  
434  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 54  
 
Notes  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
2024 2023  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
2024 2023  
Note  
21  
(DKK millions)  
Assets temporarily taken over  
Assets temporarily taken over consist of properties taken over in a forced sale under non-performing loan agreements.  
The properties are expected to be sold through a real-estate agent within one year from the takeover date.  
In 2024, the Group took over properties for DKK 13 million (2023: DKK 24 million). The effect on profit or loss on properties taken over was  
DKK 0 million (2023: DKK 0 million).  
Other assets  
Interest due  
496  
505  
496  
505  
Pension assets  
110  
121  
110  
121  
Lease assets  
72  
107  
-
-
Other assets  
497  
468  
457  
429  
Total  
1,175  
1,201  
1,063  
1,055  
22  
23  
Due to credit institutions and central banks  
On demand  
-
-
-
-
3 months or less  
-
-
-
-
3-12 months  
-
2,000  
-
2,000  
1-5 years  
3,500  
-
3,500  
-
Total  
3,500  
2,000  
3,500  
2,000  
At fair value  
3,500  
2,000  
3,500  
2,000  
Portion attributable to repo transactions  
-
-
-
-
In 2024, repo transactions of DKK 3,121 million were offset against reverse transactions (2023: DKK 7,099 million).  
24  
Issued mortgage bonds at fair value  
Issued mortgage bonds, nominal value*  
877,251  
849,818  
877,251  
849,818  
Fair value adjustment  
-37,807  
-50,919  
-37,807  
-50,919  
Issued mortgage bonds at fair value, before set-off  
839,444  
798,899  
839,444  
798,899  
Set-off of own mortgage bonds at fair value  
77,319  
42,390  
77,319  
42,390  
Issued mortgage bonds at fair value  
762,125  
756,509  
762,125  
756,509  
The fair value is based on quoted prices.  
0-1 month  
72,726  
42,351  
72,726  
42,351  
1-3 months  
-
-
-
-
3-12 months  
65,910  
116,441  
65,910  
116,441  
1-5 years  
371,322  
334,680  
371,322  
334,680  
5-10 years  
84,644  
95,760  
84,644  
95,760  
Over 10 years  
167,523  
167,277  
167,523  
167,277  
Total  
762,125  
756,509  
762,125  
756,509  
* Portion pre-issued  
56,271  
30,924  
56,271  
30,924  
* Portion drawn at 2 January 2025, or 2 January 2024  
73,007  
36,070  
73,007  
36,070  
*In 2024, Realkredit Danmark issued bonds under the green bond framework, with a nominal value of DKK 29,126 million outstanding at the end  
of 2024 (2023: DKK 27,153 million).  
Fair value adjustment for the credit risk on issued mortgage bonds is calculated on the basis of the option-adjusted spread (OAS). The calculation  
incorporates maturity, nominal holdings and OAS sensitivity. As a number of estimates are made, the calculation is subject to uncertainty.  
In 2024, the Danish mortgage bond yield spread increased and the fair value of issued mortgage bonds thus decreased by approximately DKK 7.0  
billion. In 2023, the Danish mortgage bond yield spread increased, causing a decrease in the fair value of issued mortgage bonds. Based on the  
outstanding portfolio at the end of 2024, Realkredit Danmark estimates that there has been a net increase of the spread since the issuance of the  
bonds, which produces a positive fair value of approximately DKK 1.37 billion (2023: negative fair value of approximately DKK 0.05 billion).  
Net profit and shareholders’ equity remain unaffected by the change in fair value because the spread increase, decrease the value of mortgage  
loans correspondingly.  
Fair value adjustment for the credit risk on issued mortgage bonds may also be calculated on the basis of changes in similar AAA rated mortgage  
bonds offered by other Danish issuers. The market for such bonds is characterised by an absence of measurable price differences between bonds  
with similar features from different issuers. Using this method, no fair value adjustment for credit risk in 2024 or the period since the issue has  
been required.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 55  
 
Notes  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Note  
25  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Other liabilities  
Interest accrued  
6,386  
6,431  
6,386  
6,431  
Reserves in early series subject to a reimbursement obligation*  
2
2
-
-
Lease liabilities  
72  
107  
-
-
Other creditors  
247  
415  
236  
401  
Total  
6,707  
6,955  
6,622  
6,832  
* Recognised in the balance sheet of the parent company, Realkredit Danmark A/S, under “Provisions”.  
26  
Reserves in early series subject to a reimbursement obligation*  
Carrying amount, beginning of year  
2
4
2
4
Utilised  
-
-2  
-
-2  
Carrying amount, end of year  
2
2
2
2
* Recognised in the balance sheet of the Realkredit Danmark Group under “Other liabilities”.  
Reserves in early series subject to a reimbursement obligation relate to mortgage loan agreements under which the borrower’s share of the series  
reserve fund is disbursed to the borrower on repayment of the loan in accordance with the terms and conditions applying to the series. Until  
2031, the Group’s obligations will gradually be reduced in step with individual borrower repayments. Factors that affect the repayment pattern  
include changes in interest rates, cash flows, etc.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 56  
 
Notes  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Note  
27  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Risk exposure amount (REA)  
Credit risk (IRB approach)  
129,325  
131,784  
129,186  
131,614  
Credit risk (standardised approach)  
17,383  
18,671  
17,509  
18,791  
Counterparty risk  
146  
125  
146  
125  
Total credit risk  
146,854  
150,580  
146,841  
150,530  
Market risk  
358  
372  
358  
372  
Operational risk  
9,057  
9,292  
9,057  
9,292  
Total  
156,269  
160,244  
156,256  
160,194  
The total capital and tier 1 capital ratios are calculated in accordance with the CRR/CRD.  
rd.dk provides more details about Realkredit Danmark’s solvency need. The solvency need calculation is not covered by the statutory audit.  
28  
Assets deposited as collateral  
Realkredit Danmark deposits securities as collateral in connection with repo and securities transactions undertaken on usual terms and conditions  
for such agreements.  
In connection with clearing, Realkredit Danmark has deposited the  
following securities with the Danish Central Bank  
Bonds at fair value  
2,567  
3,727  
2,567  
3,727  
Portion issued by Realkredit Danmark  
-
-
-
-
Assets sold under repo transactions  
Bonds at fair value  
-
-
-
-
Portion issued by Realkredit Danmark  
-
-
-
-
At 31 December 2024, mortgage lending totalling DKK 755,539 million and other assets totalling DKK 5,411 million were registered as security  
for issued mortgage bonds, including mortgage-covered bonds, and issued bonds at amortised cost (2023: DKK 753,624 million and DKK 6,298  
million).  
Pursuant to Danish mortgage credit legislation, issued mortgage bonds, including mortgage-covered bonds, are secured against the underlying  
mortgage loans.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 57  
 
Notes  
Note  
29  
(DKK millions)  
Contingent liabilities  
Owing to its size and business volume, Realkredit Danmark Group is continually a party to various disputes. The Group does not expect the outcomes  
of the disputes pending to have any material effect on its financial position.  
As the sponsoring employer, Realkredit Danmark is liable for the pension obligations of Kreditforeningen Danmarks Pensionsafviklingskasse. The  
pension fund and the Groups defined benefit plan have not accepted new members since 1971.  
In connection with implementation of the EU Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive, a Danish resolution fund has been established. The resolution  
fund must amount to 1% of the covered deposits of all Danish credit institutions by 31 December 2024. The first contribution to the fund was made at  
31 December 2015. The individual institution must make contributions to the fund on the basis of its size and risk relative to other credit institutions  
in Denmark. The intention is that losses should be covered by the annual contributions made by the participating credit institutions. If sufficient  
means are not available in the resolution fund, extraordinary contributions can be required of up to three times the latest annual contribution.  
Realkredit Danmark pays an annual contribution to the resolution fund. The contribution to the Danish resolution fund is recognised as expenses.  
The company is jointly taxed with all Danish companies in the Danske Bank Group and are jointly and severally liable for their Danish income tax,  
withholding tax, etc.  
Realkredit Danmark operates out of leased premises. Leases are concluded by the parent company. Realkredit Danmark pays monthly rent to the  
parent company.  
Guarantees and indemnities issued by the Group, irrevocable loan commitments regarding reverse mortgages and other commitments not recognised  
in the balance sheet amount to:  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Other contingent liabilities  
Irrevocable loan commitments  
23,656  
17,198  
23,654  
17,196  
Other commitments  
27  
27  
7
7
Total  
23,683  
17,225  
23,661  
17,203  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 58  
 
Notes  
Note  
(DKK millions)  
30  
Related party transactions  
Transactions between related parties are concluded and settled on an arm’s length or on a cost-reimbursement basis. No unusual transactions  
were made with associates and group undertakings in 2024.  
Realkredit Danmark A/S made the below-mentioned major intra-group transactions with companies directly or indirectly associated with the  
Group/company. Danske Bank A/S is the parent company of Realkredit Danmark A/S.  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Fees, etc. paid to Danske Bank A/S for the  
arranging and guaranteeing of mortgage loans  
744  
817  
744  
817  
Fees received from Danske Bank A/S for referral  
of customers and for property valuation  
81  
56  
81  
56  
Fees paid to Danske Bank A/S for managing  
Realkredit Danmark's IT operations and development,  
portfolio management and finance functions, etc.  
633  
663  
632  
663  
Interest received by Realkredit Danmark A/S  
on outstanding accounts with Danske Bank A/S  
185  
414  
185  
414  
Interest paid by Realkredit Danmark A/S  
on outstanding accounts with Danske Bank A/S  
217  
504  
217  
504  
Amounts due from Danske Bank A/S  
6,826  
3,542  
6,751  
3,473  
Loss guarantees from Danske Bank A/S  
28,330  
31,587  
28,330  
31,587  
Other guarantees from Danske Bank A/S  
10,206  
9,578  
10,206  
9,578  
Amounts due to Danske Bank A/S  
3,500  
2,000  
3,500  
2,000  
Any amounts due to related parties in the form of issued bonds have not been included in the above outstanding accounts as such bonds are  
bearer securities. In these cases, the Group does not know the identity of the creditors.  
31  
Loans etc. to management  
Mortgage loans established on an arm's length basis for  
Board of Directors of Realkredit Danmark A/S  
26  
12  
26  
12  
Executive Management of Realkredit Danmark A/S  
7
8
7
8
Board of Directors and Executive Leadership Team of  
Danske Bank A/S  
39  
57  
39  
57  
Average interest rate and administration margin for loans etc. to  
management  
2.6%  
1.9%  
2.6%  
1.9%  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 59  
 
Notes  
Note  
32  
(DKK millions)  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
Financial instruments at fair value  
Quoted  
Observable  
Non-observable  
2024  
prices  
input  
input  
Total  
Bonds at fair value  
1,138  
23,229  
-
24,367  
Mortgage loans at fair value  
-
755,539  
-
755,539  
Shares  
-
-
2
2
Derivatives  
-
22  
-
22  
Total  
1,138  
778,790  
2
779,930  
Issued mortgage bonds at fair value  
762,125  
-
-
762,125  
Derivatives  
-
9
-
9
Total  
762,125  
9
-
762,134  
2023  
Bonds at fair value  
1,686  
15,118  
-
16,804  
Mortgage loans at fair value  
-
753,624  
-
753,624  
Shares  
-
-
3
3
Derivatives  
-
29  
-
29  
Total  
1,686  
768,771  
3
770,460  
Issued mortgage bonds at fair value  
756,509  
-
-
756,509  
Derivatives  
-
186  
-
186  
Total  
756,509  
186  
-
756,695  
Fair value is the amount at which a financial asset can be traded between knowledgeable, willing parties. If an active market exists,  
Realkredit Danmark uses the quoted price.  
Developments in the financial markets did not lead to reclassification of bonds between listed prices and observable input in 2024.  
Mortgage loans and issued mortgage bonds are recognised at the fair value of the issued mortgage bonds. In accordance with the accounting poli-  
cies, the fair value of the credit risk on the mortgage loans is adjusted.  
Valuation techniques are generally used for OTC derivatives and unlisted shares. The most frequently used valuation models include pricing of  
businesses with future settlement and swap models using present value calculations. The valuation is based substantially on observable input.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 60  
 
Notes  
Note  
33  
(DKK millions)  
Group holdings and undertakings  
Share  
Net  
Shareholders'  
Holding of  
capital  
profit  
equity  
share capital  
(DKK millions)  
(DKK millions)  
(DKK millions)  
(%)  
Realkredit Danmark A/S, Copenhagen  
630  
4,424  
54,642  
Subsidiaries  
Real-estate agency business  
home a/s, Aarhus  
15  
24  
128  
100  
The information published is extracted from the most recent annual report of the companies  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 61  
 
Notes  
Note 34  
RISK MANAGEMENT  
The principal risk faced by Realkredit Danmark is credit risk on mort-  
gage loans. Realkredit Danmark only has limited exposure to market risk  
due to the balance principle and the fact that Realkredit Danmark does  
not invest in equities. The principal market risk is interest rate risk on  
Realkredit Danmark’s proprietary portfolio of bonds.  
In recent years, Realkredit Danmark has increased its focus on non-finan-  
cial risks like operational risks and risks related to financial crime.  
Total capital  
The purpose of capital management is to ensure efficient use of capital in  
relation to risk tolerance and business development. The Group must  
have sufficient capital to comply with regulatory capital requirements,  
and the Group has also defined a goal of maintaining bond ratings from  
external rating agencies that are on a level with those of its peers.  
The Group met this goal in 2024 by maintaining a total capital ratio of  
31.9%, well above the regulatory requirement of 19.9%, and AAA rat-  
ings from SP Global and Scope Ratings. The capital requirement has  
been covered by tier 1 capital.  
Credit risk  
Realkredit Danmark serves mortgage credit customers in Denmark, Sweden  
and Norway. Realkredit Danmark serves all customer segments in Den-  
mark, while the strategy in Sweden and Norway is to serve large business  
customers. Realkredit Danmark’s principal segment is loans to the Personal  
customer market, which accounts for 52% of lending. Residential accounts  
for 27%, Urban trade for 16% and Agriculture for the remaining 5%. The  
current composition of the exposure matches Realkredit Danmark’s target  
that residential property loans should account for at least two-thirds of the  
total exposure.  
In 2024, Realkredit Danmark continued its prudent credit-granting process,  
accommodating the Group’s existing and new customers. Continuing this  
prudent credit-granting process will remain the objective in 2025. When  
granting credit, the Group requires the customer to be able to service a  
fixed-rate loan with principal repayment. When granting a FlexLån® loan,  
the customer must also be able to service a fixed-rate loan with principal re-  
payment with an interest rate equal to a fixed rate over 30 years plus 1 per-  
centage point however, not less than 4%.  
The credit risk on a mortgage loan basically derives from two factors; the  
risk that the borrower is unable to repay the loan and the expected loss if  
the customer is unable to repay the loan, which largely depends on the  
value of the property. These two factors are commonly designated by Prob-  
ability of Default (“PD”) and Loss Given Default (“LGD”). The higher the  
PD and LGD, the higher risk a loan involves. The value of the property is  
determined in a property value model. This property value model is regu-  
larly monitored, and it is also subjected to an annual validation.  
The credit process widely builds on the two above-mentioned components  
and the size of the loan. Most often, the Group performs a decentralised as-  
sessment of whether a customer has the ability and the willingness to repay  
their loan. However, the Group handles the largest customers at a central  
corporate centre, which has the expertise to serve this customer segment.  
When the Group assesses that there is a high credit risk, the credit grant-  
ing process will be assigned to the central credit department. A high  
credit risk may arise for less financially strong customers (high PD), but  
it may also be due to expectations of a high LGD if the credit involves a  
property type that is difficult to sell, and which may lose much of its  
value if it has to be sold in a forced sale. Very large loans must be ap-  
proved by Realkredit Danmark’s Executive Management or Board of Di-  
rectors.  
Realkredit Danmark applies customer classification models as a key tool  
in deciding when to grant the loan.  
Depending on the customer’s loan facility and customer type, customers  
are classified using rating models or statistical scoring models. The rating  
models typically rely on the customers financial statements, industry in-  
formation and an assessment of the customers situation in terms of man-  
agement and competition. The rating is assessed in the central rating de-  
partment by a rating specialist and a credit officer, before it is fixed. The  
customer’s rating is translated into a PD.  
The statistical scoring models rely on factors such as relevant sector in-  
formation and payment records. The calculated PD is translated into a  
rating category.  
The customer classification models break down customers into 11 rating  
categories, with category 1 being the most creditworthy.  
Portfolio broken down by customer type and rating category  
(DKK billions)  
2024  
2023  
Rating category  
Personal  
Business  
Total  
Total  
1
-
3
3
3
2
58  
1
59  
56  
3
118  
61  
179  
176  
4
100  
99  
199  
193  
5
66  
84  
150  
158  
6
24  
88  
112  
109  
7
13  
23  
36  
41  
8
2
4
6
7
9
-
-
-
-
10  
5
1
6
5
11  
5
3
8
8
Total  
391  
367  
758  
756  
Probability of Default (PD) %  
Rating category  
Low PD
High PD  
1
0.00  
0.01  
2
0.01  
0.03  
3
0.03  
0.06  
4
0.06  
0.14  
5
0.14  
0.31  
6
0.31  
0.63  
7
0.63  
1.90  
8
1.90  
7.98  
9
7.98  
25.70  
10  
25.70  
100.00  
11  
100.00  
100.00  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 62  
 
Notes  
Note  
Over the past year, the average defaults probability has remained stable.  
Interest rates have decreased compared to end-2023, thereby affecting the  
market value of the loans. The effect is countered by increasing house  
prices which results in unchanged Loan-to-Value (LTV). For the entire loan  
portfolio, the LTV stood at 53 at end-2024, compared with 53 at end-2023.  
The loan portfolio remained very secure. 94% of the loan portfolio was se-  
cured within 60% of the value of the property, and 98% was secured within  
80% of the value.  
Loan portfolio broken down by loan-to-value ratios 2024  
Total  
DKK  
Sector, %  
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80  
>80 billions  
Personal market  
180  
134  
63  
13  
1
391  
Urban trade  
63  
42  
17  
2
-
124  
Agriculture  
17  
14  
6
-
-
37  
Residential rental  
85  
55  
36  
16  
14  
206  
Weighted distribution  
46%  
32%  
16%  
4%  
2%  
100%  
Total DKK billions  
345  
245  
122  
31  
15  
758  
Loan portfolio broken down by loan-to-value ratios 2023  
Total  
DKK  
Sector, %  
0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80  
>80 billions  
Personal market  
178  
135  
66  
14  
2
395  
Urban trade  
61  
43  
17  
2
-
123  
Agriculture  
17  
13  
6
-
-
36  
Residential rental  
84  
55  
34  
15  
14  
202  
Weighted distribution  
45%  
33%  
16%  
4%  
2%  
100%  
Total DKK billions  
340  
246  
123  
31  
16  
756  
As shown in the table, no loans with an LTV ratio higher than 80% were  
granted to customers in one of the four lowest categories.  
Portfolio broken down by loan to value and rating category 2024  
Loan to value  
Total  
Rating  
0-20% 20-40% 40-60% 60-80%
80-100%  
DKK  
category  
billions  
1
1
1
1
-
-
3
2
32  
19  
7
1
-
59  
3
85  
56  
25  
7
6
179  
4
91  
60  
31  
10  
7
199  
5
66  
51  
25  
5
2
149  
6
47  
39  
22  
5
-
113  
7
15  
12  
7
2
-
36  
8
3
2
1
-
-
6
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
10  
3
2
1
-
-
6
11  
2
3
2
1
-
8
Total  
345  
245  
122  
31  
15  
758  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 63  
 
Notes  
Note  
Portfolio broken down by loan to value and rating category 2023  
Loan to value  
Total  
Rating  
0-20% 20-40% 40-60% 60-80%
80-100%  
DKK  
category  
billions  
1
1
1
1
-
-
3
2
30  
18  
7
1
-
56  
3
82  
56  
25  
7
6
176  
4
88  
58  
31  
9
7
193  
5
68  
54  
27  
6
3
158  
6
46  
38  
21  
4
-
109  
7
16  
14  
8
3
-
41  
8
4
2
1
-
-
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
10  
2
2
1
-
-
5
11  
3
3
1
1
-
8
Total  
340  
246  
123  
31  
16  
756  
Loan impairment charges were at a normalised level and amounted to  
DKK 333 million in 2024 (2023: an income of DKK 114 million). Loan im-  
pairment charges were affected by a planned model change of DKK 100  
million and a reversal of post-model adjustments of DKK 92 million due to  
the improved macroeconomic situation. The underlying credit quality re-  
mained strong.  
The number of new properties repossessed by Realkredit Danmark at a  
forced sale in 2024 were 14. The stock of repossessed properties stood at 13  
properties at end-2024 compared to 14 properties at the beginning of the  
year.  
In a historical context, the number of properties repossessed in 2024 were  
much lower than during the crisis of the early 1990s, when more than 4,000  
properties were repossessed in the worst year.  
Realkredit Danmark is to a certain extent covered against losses, as Danske  
Bank provides a loss guarantee for loans granted via the bank. The guaran-  
tee covers the part of the loan which at the date of disbursement is within  
the last 20% of the statutory lending limits. Total lending of DKK 178 bil-  
lion was partly covered by this loss guarantee at the end of 2024. The total  
guarantee in 2024 amounted to DKK 28 billion.  
The delinquency rate, calculated as the proportion of due payments remain-  
ing unpaid 3 months after the last due payment date, generally is on the  
same level in 2024 compared with 2023.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 64  
 
Notes  
Note  
Forbearance practices  
Realkredit Danmark adopts forbearance plans to assist customers in fi-  
nancial difficulty. Concessions granted to customers cancellation of out-  
standing fees, waiver of covenant enforcement and debt forgiveness. For-  
bearance plans must comply with Realkredit Danmark’s Credit Policy.  
They are used as an instrument to retain long-term business relationships  
during economic downturns if there is a realistic possibility that the cus-  
tomer will be able to meet its obligations again or are used for minimising  
losses in the event of default.  
Realkredit Danmark applies the European Banking Authority’s (the  
EBA’s) definition of loans subject to forbearance measures. The EBA  
definition states that a probation period of a minimum of two years must  
pass from the date when forborne exposures are considered to be per-  
forming again. Forbearance measures lead to changes in staging for im-  
pairment purposes.  
The forbearance figure has been updated in 2024 to align with Danske  
Bank Group. At 31 December 2024, the total exposure to loans with for-  
bearance terms amounted to DKK 0.9 billion, compared to DKK 1.4 bil-  
lion as at 31 December 2023 under the updated method.  
The chart shows arrears on loans in stage 1 and 2 at 31 December 2024.  
Total arrears on loans in stage 1 and 2 amounted to DKK 2.6 million at  
the end of 2024, whereof 85% are less than three months old.  
Arrears  
Loan portfolio  
Loan to value  
Arrears  
(DKK millions)  
%
Sept. paym. in %  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
2024  
2023  
Private market  
390,737  
395,023  
49  
50  
0.13  
0.14  
Urban trade  
124,081  
201,808  
44  
45  
0.20  
0.02  
Agriculture  
37,241  
36,910  
48  
47  
0.29  
0.15  
Residential rental  
206,317  
122,539  
64  
65  
0.01  
0.01  
Total  
758,376  
756,280  
53  
53  
0.11  
0.06  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 65  
 
Notes  
Note  
Sustainability risk  
As result of current or future environmental, social and governance (ESG)  
events or conditions, Realkredit Danmark may be exposed to sustainability  
risk. Such events are considered external factors that could impact existing  
risks.  
In the long term, credit risk is deemed to be the risk type most materially af-  
fected by sustainability risk. Climate risk is currently the most urgent of all  
ESG-related drivers capable of affecting the credit risk of Realkredit Dan-  
mark. From a financial materiality perspective, climate-related risks have  
been deemed most relevant for the lending activities of Realkredit Dan-  
mark. Climate risk pertains to transition risks, which are the risks associated  
with shifting to a low-carbon economy, and to physical risks arising from  
projected climate changes, including both long-term shifts (chronic  
changes) and event-driven changes (acute changes) to weather patterns.  
In alignment with the Danske Bank Group (the Group) Realkredit Danmark  
takes a risk-based approach when prioritising risk management efforts for  
credit portfolios that are likely to be most exposed to transition and physical  
risks. For that purpose, the Danske Bank Group’s climate risk heat map is  
based on a mix of qualitative and quantitative input to define the credit ex-  
posures most exposed to transition and physical risks. The climate heat map  
gives an indication of the size of the exposure at risk but does not include  
the expected stress effects such as impairment charges. Such quantitative  
measures are to be assessed through scenario analysis and future stress test-  
ing. Climate scenario analyses are already being performed, following the  
recommendations of the Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclo-  
sures (TCFD) for key sectors for both transition risk and physical risk, such  
as for agriculture and property portfolios. The Danske Bank Group will  
continue to refine the climate risk heat map as more climate risk data be-  
comes available to support the identification of both transition and physical  
risks for the purpose of determining financial materiality. However, conclu-  
sions have not led to adjustments to staging or expected credit losses, as the  
impacts either manifest over a longer time period than loan maturities, or as  
transition risks are concentrated on sectors where downside risks have al-  
ready been recognized in Realkredit Danmark’s expected credit losses, one  
example being the agriculture portfolios.  
Physical risks are identified mainly for collateral-related exposure (flooding  
risk, in particular) by using data on historically worst flooding events and  
most extreme climate projections. As a result, assessments are considered to  
be conservative. Flooding risk is the primary physical risk hazard to be  
taken into consideration in the Nordic countries. The Group’s and thereby  
Realkredit Danmark’s risks associated with flooding risk are managed pri-  
marily at the portfolio level.  
See Danske Bank Group’s risk management report; Risk Management 2024  
for more information on sustainability risk and Danske Bank Group’s addi-  
tional Pillar III Disclosures for more information on climate risk. The publi-  
cations are available at danskebank.com/ir. The publications are not cov-  
ered by the statutory audit.  
Single-name concentration  
Limits are set on credit risk exposures to single names, thus protecting the  
Group from excessive losses resulting from the default of a single customer  
group. The limits on large exposures are defined within the large exposure  
restrictions of article 391 of the Capital Requirements Regulation (EU) No  
575/2013 (CRR). The exposure to a single customer or a group of related  
customers, after deduction of particularly secure claims, may not exceed  
25% of the capital base. In 2024, the Group’s exposures did not exceed  
these limits.  
Market risk  
Market risk is the risk of losses because of changes in market prices and in-  
terest rates. Realkredit Danmark’s Board of Directors defines the overall  
framework for interest rate, equity market and exchange rate risks in ac-  
cordance with the limits laid down in the Danish Mortgage Credit Loans  
and Mortgage Credit Bonds, etc. Act. Realkredit Danmark calculates, moni-  
tors and reports these risks on a regular basis, and the Group pursues a pol-  
icy of only having limited market risk exposure. By complying with the  
statutory principle of balance, Realkredit Danmark eliminates interest rate,  
exchange rate and liquidity risks on most of its assets and liabilities.  
Interest rate risk  
Realkredit Danmark calculates interest rate risk as the change in net present  
value from an upward parallel shift in interest rates of 1 percentage point.  
In accordance with Danish law, the cash flows received from interest pay-  
ments and instalments on mortgage loans and payments made on issued  
bonds may not result in an interest rate risk exceeding 1% of Realkredit  
Danmark’s total capital, that is, DKK 498 million. At the end of 2024, this  
interest rate risk amounted to DKK 4 million against DKK 3 million in  
2023.  
The interest rate risk on other assets and liabilities and on off-balance-sheet  
items, including in particular the proprietary investment portfolio, may not  
exceed 8% of the total capital, or DKK 3,982 million, in accordance with  
Danish law. At the end of 2024, the interest rate risk on these items  
amounted to DKK 997 million, against DKK 958 million the year before.  
At the end of 2024, the total interest rate risk amounted to DKK 1,001 mil-  
lion. The year before, Realkredit Danmark’s interest rate risk was DKK 961  
million.  
For a qualitative description of RD’s IRRBB framework, please refer to  
Danske Bank Group Risk Management Report 2024.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 66  
 
Notes  
Note  
In the table below, mortgage loans and the fair value of credit risk is broken down by 11 rating categories and stages 1, 2 and 3 of IFRS 9 (DKK billions).  
Although Stage 3 and default (rating 11) are generally aligned, a small amount of credit exposure in stage 3 can be found outside default. This is due to im-  
pairment staging being updated monthly (after each month-end), whereas default is updated daily. For the same reason, some credit exposure in default is  
outside stage 3.  
31 December 2024  
PD level  
Gross Exposure  
Expected Credit Loss  
Net Exposure  
Rating  
category  
Lower  
Upper  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
1
0.00  
0.01  
3,334  
-
-
-
-
-
3,334  
-
-
2
0.01  
0.03  
58,590  
166  
48  
6
3
5
58,584  
163  
43  
3
0.03  
0.06  
177,729  
656  
135  
19  
7
11  
177,710  
649  
124  
4
0.06  
0.14  
197,008  
1,932  
186  
49  
20  
15  
196,959  
1,912  
171  
5
0.14  
0.31  
145,043  
3,250  
220  
90  
35  
22  
144,953  
3,215  
198  
6
0.31  
0.63  
106,704  
5,834  
123  
209  
83  
12  
106,495  
5,751  
111  
7
0.63  
1.90  
30,157  
6,167  
140  
461  
127  
14  
29,696  
6,040  
126  
8
1.90  
7.98  
1,752  
4,594  
52  
60  
372  
8
1,692  
4,222  
44  
9
7.98  
25.70  
29  
298  
10  
-
32  
1
29  
266  
9
10  
25.70  
100.00  
741  
4,967  
251  
20  
163  
20  
721  
4,804  
231  
11  
100.00  
100.00  
791  
519  
6,950  
34  
15  
924  
757  
504  
6,026  
Total  
721,878  
28,383  
8,115  
948  
857  
1,032  
720,930  
27,526  
7,083  
31 December 2023  
PD level  
Gross Exposure  
Expected Credit Loss  
Net Exposure  
Rating  
category  
Lower  
Upper  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
1
0.00  
0.01  
2,815  
-
-
-
-
-
2,815  
-
-
2
0.01  
0.03  
56,010  
102  
34  
6
2
2
56,004  
100  
32  
3
0.03  
0.06  
175,450  
542  
123  
22  
6
6
175,428  
536  
117  
4
0.06  
0.14  
191,388  
1,505  
144  
62  
18  
11  
191,326  
1,487  
133  
5
0.14  
0.31  
155,059  
2,301  
221  
110  
29  
19  
154,949  
2,272  
202  
6
0.31  
0.63  
104,105  
4,484  
119  
204  
68  
7
103,901  
4,416  
112  
7
0.63  
1.90  
35,006  
5,649  
138  
498  
112  
10  
34,508  
5,537  
128  
8
1.90  
7.98  
2,936  
4,283  
95  
100  
241  
6
2,836  
4,042  
89  
9
7.98  
25.70  
15  
451  
23  
-
44  
1
15  
407  
22  
10  
25.70  
100.00  
378  
4,665  
203  
16  
108  
15  
362  
4,557  
188  
11  
100.00  
100.00  
674  
445  
6,917  
29  
10  
894  
645  
435  
6,023  
Total  
723,836  
24,427  
8,017  
1,047  
638  
971  
722,789  
23,789  
7,046  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 67  
 
Notes  
Note  
Equity market risk  
The equity market risk is calculated as the market value of Realkredit  
Danmark Group’s equity portfolios and holdings in subsidiary and group  
undertakings etc. The Group intends to maintain strategic share portfolios  
only and hence the Group has defined very low exposure thresholds with  
respect to overall equity market risk. At end-2024, the market value and  
hence the equity market risk amounted to DKK 130 million, against  
DKK 127 million the year before. The risk relates to the Group's owner-  
ship of home a/s.  
Exchange rate risk  
Realkredit Danmark intends to hedge all currency positions. The exchange  
rate risk is calculated in accordance with exchange rate indicator 2 of the  
Danish FSA and may, in accordance with legislation, not exceed 0.1% of  
the total capital, that is DKK 50 million. At the end of 2024, the exchange  
rate risk amounted to DKK 2 million, against DKK 1 million the year be-  
fore.  
Derivatives  
2024  
2023  
Positive market
Negative market  
Positive market
Negative market  
(DKK millions)  
Nominal value  
value  
value Nominal
value  
value  
value  
Interest rate contracts  
Forward/futures bought  
56,330  
2
64  
31,028  
1
47  
Forward/futures sold  
33,928  
21  
9
19,895  
28  
186  
Currency contracts  
Forward/futures bought  
2
-
-
22  
-
-
Forward/futures sold  
-
-
-
2
-
-
Interest rate and currency contracts held for trading  
purposes, total  
23  
73  
29  
233  
Outstanding spot transactions  
Interest rate contracts bought  
581  
1
-
708  
1
-
Interest rate contracts sold  
746  
-
-
754  
1
-
Total outstanding spot transactions  
1
-
2
-
All derivatives have a maturity of less than one year.  
The calculation applies to the Realkredit Danmark Group and Realkredit Danmark A/S.  
two indicators in the supervisory diamond for mortgage credit institutions  
in Denmark.  
Non-financial risks  
In recent years, Realkredit Danmark has focused increasingly on non-fi-  
nancial risks. Realkredit Danmark continuously assesses non-financial  
risks in existing Critical or Important Functions and products and con-  
duct ongoing reporting to the Board of Directors on non-financial risks.  
Prior to launch of a new product the non-financial risks are assessed, and  
the product is approved.  
Realkredit Danmark registers operational events and conducts event man-  
agement to ensure timely and appropriate handling of events to minimise  
the impact on Customers and Realkredit Danmark and prevent reoccur-  
rence. Realkredit Danmark strives to learn from materialised events and  
observed near-misses to continuously improve its operational risk man-  
agement framework. Realkredit Danmark notifies relevant authorities on  
significant events.  
Realkredit Danmark’s IT portfolio is outsourced to Danske Bank includ-  
ing Digital Operational Resilience. Realkredit Danmark is part of Danske  
Bank’s IT Risk and Security Management and Data Risk Management  
framework.  
Compliance  
Realkredit Danmark is exposed to compliance risks, such as financial  
crime risks, market integrity risks, outsourcing risks, GDPR risks and  
other governance and conduct risks. See, also Compliance under “Man-  
agement”.  
Derivatives  
The Group does not employ derivatives for hedging purposes in relation  
to mortgage finance business but exclusively to hedge the interest rate  
risk on fixed-rate liabilities from issued senior debt and are carried at fair  
value in the financial statements. The market risk on these instruments is  
included in the risk calculations mentioned above.  
Pension risk  
The Group’s pension risk is the risk of a pension shortfall in the Group’s  
defined benefit plans, which means that it will have to make additional  
contributions to cover its pension obligations to former employees. The  
Group aims to reduce the pension risk of the defined benefit pension  
plans in the same way that it handles other risks in the Group. To achieve  
this goal, the Group matches pension obligations with assets similar  
mainly in terms of maturity and volatility.  
Liquidity risk  
Realkredit Danmark finances its lending activities by issuing bonds on an  
ongoing basis. Consequently, Realkredit Danmark’s main liquidity risk is  
not related to the ongoing funding of loans but to the refinancing auctions  
at which large volumes of bonds need to be sold during a short period of  
time. Realkredit Danmark constantly seeks to mitigate this risk by  
spreading the auctions across the year and giving borrowers an incentive  
to opt for loans without or with less frequent needs for refinancing.  
The refinancing auctions are also supported by the well-functioning Dan-  
ish bond market. The refinancing risk is governed by the Danish FSA by  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 68  
 
Notes  
Note 35  
Realkredit Danmark Group  
(DKK millions)  
2024  
2023  
2022  
2021  
2020  
HIGHLIGHTS  
Net interest and fee income*  
6,478  
6,187  
6,128  
6,158  
6,475  
Value adjustments*  
727  
633  
-236  
-327  
-410  
Staff costs and administrative expenses  
1,008  
1,054  
1,102  
994  
863  
Loan impairment charges  
333  
-114  
212  
269  
335  
Income from associates  
-
-
-
-
-
Net profit for the year  
4,424  
4,394  
3,626  
3,669  
3,883  
Loans  
755,746  
753,843  
724,642  
810,547  
817,026  
Shareholders' equity  
54,642  
50,223  
49,477  
49,472  
49,590  
Total assets  
827,023  
816,263  
782,228  
876,999  
891,268  
RATIOS AND KEY FIGURES  
Total capital ratio (%)  
31.9  
31.5  
29.1  
25.3  
27.4  
Tier 1 capital ratio (%)  
31.9  
31.1  
28.6  
24.9  
26.9  
Return on equity before tax (%)  
11.4  
12.0  
9.4  
9.5  
10.0  
Return on equity after tax (%)  
8.4  
8.8  
7.3  
7.4  
7.8  
Cost/core income ratio DKK  
5.44  
7.34  
4.54  
4.72  
5.15  
Foreign exchange position (%)  
0.7  
0.7  
0.7  
0.8  
0.6  
Gearing of loans  
13.8  
15.0  
14.6  
16.4  
16.5  
Growth in lending for the year (%)  
-1.4  
0.5  
-0.7  
1.9  
1.2  
Impairment ratio for the year (%)  
0.04  
-0.02  
0.03  
0.03  
0.04  
Return on assets (%)  
0.5  
0.5  
0.5  
0.4  
0.4  
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
HIGHLIGHTS  
Net interest and fee income*  
Value adjustments*  
6,476  
728  
6,184  
633  
6,128  
-236  
6,158  
-327  
6,475  
-410  
Staff costs and administrative expenses  
Loan impairment charges  
Income from associates and group undertakings  
Net profit for the year  
Loans  
948  
332  
24  
998  
-115  
21  
1,053  
212  
25  
3,626  
724,622  
49,477  
782,084  
940  
269  
64  
809  
335  
44  
4,424  
755,730  
54,642  
826,945  
4,394  
753,822  
50,223  
816,148  
3,669  
810,527  
49,472  
876,959  
3,883  
817,003  
49,590  
891,194  
Shareholders' equity  
Total assets  
RATIOS AND KEY FIGURES  
Total capital ratio (%)  
Tier 1 capital ratio (%)  
31.9  
31.9  
11.3  
8.4  
5.64  
0.7  
13.8  
-1.4  
0.04  
0.5  
31.6  
31.2  
11.9  
8.8  
7.75  
0.7  
15.0  
0.5  
-0.02  
0.5  
29.2  
28.7  
9.4  
7.3  
4.67  
0.7  
14.6  
-0.7  
0.03  
0.5  
25.3  
24.9  
9.5  
7.4  
4.88  
0.8  
16.4  
1.9  
0.03  
0.4  
27.4  
26.9  
10.0  
7.8  
5.34  
0.6  
16.5  
1.2  
0.04  
0.4  
Return on equity before tax (%)  
Return on equity after tax (%)  
Cost/core income ratio DKK  
Foreign exchange position (%)  
Gearing of loans  
Growth in lending for the year (%)  
Impairment ratio for the year (%)  
Return on assets (%)  
* Comparative information has been restated as described in note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for 2020.  
The ratios and key figures are defined in the Danish FSA’s executive order on financial reports of credit institutions, investment companies, etc.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 69  
 
Notes  
Note 36  
Series accounts  
Pursuant to the executive order on the presentation of series accounts by mortgage credit institutions, Realkredit Danmark A/S’ financial statements are bro-  
ken down by the individual underlying mortgage credit associations as follows:  
Jydsk  
Grundejer-  
Kredit-  
Ny jydske  
Kjøbstad-  
Kredit-  
Series not  
subject to a  
reimbursement  
obligation  
Østifternes  
Kredit-  
forening  
Danske  
Kredit  
Note  
(DKK millions)  
forening  
forening  
Income statement  
Income from lending  
Net interest income etc.  
Administrative expenses etc.  
Loan impairment charges  
Tax  
0.1  
-
0.5  
-
0.2  
-
0.5  
-
0.5  
1.6  
0.6  
-
18.2  
20.6  
10.5  
-2.3  
8.0  
0.1  
-
0.3  
-
1
1
-0.1  
-0.1  
0.4  
-0.1  
2
Net profit for the year  
-0.3  
-0.2  
1.1  
22.6  
-0.1  
Balance sheet - assets  
Mortgage loans etc.  
Other assets  
7.6  
1.1  
14.4  
3.8  
64.3  
62.3  
10,103.5  
618.3  
12.2  
2.6  
Total assets  
8.7  
18.2  
126.6  
10,721.8  
14.8  
Balance sheet - liabilities and equity  
Issued bonds  
Other liabilities  
3
8.1  
0.2  
0.4  
17.0  
0.1  
1.1  
73.4  
0.6  
52.6  
10,594.0  
44.8  
14.5  
0.1  
0.2  
4
5
Shareholders' equity  
83.0  
Total liabilities and equity  
8.7  
18.2  
126.6  
10,721.8  
14.8  
SDRO  
Almen  
Other  
reserves  
(DKK millions)  
SDRO S  
SDRO T  
Total  
Income statement  
Income from lending  
Net interest income etc.  
Administrative expenses etc.  
Loan impairment charges  
Tax  
1,538.4  
591.7  
386.7  
45.5  
3,729.2  
977.5  
413.8  
300.6  
1,038.0  
216.4  
55.1  
120.5  
-
77.1  
109.7  
126.6  
-11.9  
-1.8  
5,580.2  
1,756.2  
1,060.0  
331.9  
1
1
441.5  
39.3  
1,525.1  
2
Net profit for the year  
1,256.4  
2,954.3  
111.7  
73.9  
4,419.4  
Balance sheet - assets  
Mortgage loans etc.  
Other assets  
231,519.2  
30,933.4  
444,142.3  
106,813.1  
53,765.9  
3,875.8  
15,942.3  
7,143.7  
755,571.7  
149,454.1  
Total assets  
262,452.6  
550,955.4  
57,641.7  
23,086.0  
905,025.8  
Balance sheet - liabilities and equity  
Issued bonds  
Other liabilities  
3
243,503.6  
1,105.7  
519,384.3  
2,321.1  
56,116.9  
242.8  
16,857.0  
97.3  
846,568.8  
3,812.7  
4
5
Shareholders' equity  
17,843.3  
29,250.0  
1,282.0  
6,131.7  
54,644.3  
Total liabilities and equity  
262,452.6  
550,955.4  
57,641.7  
23,086.0  
905,025.8  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 70  
 
Notes  
Note  
(DKK millions)  
1
Pursuant to section 3(1) and (2) of the executive order on the presentation of series accounts by mortgage credit institutions, a share of net  
interest etc. equivalent to the ratio of the individual series reserve fund to other series reserve funds has been allocated to each series. Pursuant  
to section 3(3) of the executive order on the presentation of series accounts by mortgage credit institutions, the Danish FSA has approved the  
allocation of administrative expenses etc. to individual associations using a distribution scale by which the number of loans in the association is  
weighted at 3, and the principal of the loans is weighted at 1. The same distribution scale is used for allocation to individual series and series  
reserve funds, however, allocation to pre-1972 series is made in accordance with the statutes etc. of the associations in question.  
2024  
2
Net profit for the year, series accounts  
Net profit for the year, Realkredit Danmark A/S's financial statements  
Transferred to other reserves etc.  
4,424  
-
Adjustment of defined benefit plans  
-5  
Net profit for the year, series accounts  
4,419  
3
Issued bonds, series accounts  
Issued bonds, Realkredit Danmark A/S's financial statements  
Own mortgage bonds, not offset in the series accounts  
Accrued interest, own bonds  
762,125  
77,319  
7,125  
Issued bonds, series accounts  
846,569  
4
5
Shareholders' equity, series accounts  
Shareholders' equity, Realkredit Danmark A/S's financial statements  
Reserves in pre-1972 series subject to a reimbursement obligation  
54,642  
2
Shareholders' equity, series accounts  
54,644  
Total assets, series accounts  
Total assets, Realkredit Danmark A/S's financial statements  
Own mortgage bonds, not offset in the series accounts  
Accrued interest, own bonds  
826,945  
77,319  
762  
Total assets, series accounts  
905,026  
6
Transfers to and from reserves subject to a reimbursement obligation  
In 2024, the following net transfers of funds to and from the reserves  
were made between individual associations and other reserves.  
Transferred from and to shareholders' equity:  
Series not subject to a reimbursement obligation  
Other reserves  
-2,091  
2,091  
Total  
-
Financial statements for the individual series may be obtained from Realkredit Danmark.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 71  
 
Statement by the management  
The Board of Directors and the Executive Management (the management) have today reviewed and adopted the annual report of the Realkredit Dan-  
mark Group for the financial year 1 January 31 December 2024.  
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with the IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the EU. The Parent Company’s  
financial statements are prepared in accordance with the Danish Financial Business Act and the Danish FSA’s Executive Order on Financial Reports for  
Credit Institutions and Investment Companies, etc. Furthermore, the annual report has been prepared in accordance with legal requirements, including the  
disclosure requirements for annual reports of issuers of listed bonds in Denmark.  
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements and the Parent Company’s financial statements give a true and fair view of the Group’s and the  
Parent Company’s assets, liabilities, shareholders’ equity and financial position on 31 December 2024 and of the results of the Group’s and the Parent  
Company’s operations and the consolidated cash flows for the financial year 1 January 31 December 2024.  
Moreover, in our opinion, the management’s report includes a fair view of developments in the Group’s and the Parent Company’s operations and finan-  
cial position and describes the significant risks and uncertainty factors that may affect the Group and the Parent Company.  
ESEF-compliant financial reports  
In our opinion, the annual report of the Realkredit Danmark Group for the financial year 1 January - 31 December 2024 with the file name  
RealkreditDanmark-2024-12-31-0-en.zip has been prepared, in all material respects, in compliance with the ESEF Regulation.  
We recommend the annual report for adoption at the Annual General Meeting.  
Copenhagen, 7 February 2025  
Executive Management  
Kamilla Hammerich Skytte  
Chief Executive Officer  
Bjarne Aage Jørgensen  
Member of the Executive Management  
Board of Directors  
Christian Bornfeld  
Chairman  
Magnus Thor Agustsson  
Vice Chairman  
Jakob Bøss  
Jesper Koefoed  
Linda Fagerlund  
Majken Hammer Sløk  
Christian Hilligsøe Heinig  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 72  
 
Auditor’s report  
Independent auditors report  
To the shareholders of Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Report on the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements  
Opinion  
We have audited the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements of Realkredit Danmark A/S for the financial year 1 January  
2024 to 31 December 2024, page 27-71, which comprise the income statement, statement of comprehensive income, balance sheet, statement of changes  
in equity and notes, including material accounting policy information, for the Group as well as the Parent and the consolidated cash flow statement. The  
consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the EU and additional disclosure require-  
ments for issuers of listed bonds in Denmark, and the parent financial statements are prepared in accordance with the Danish Financial Business Act.  
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the Group’s financial position at 31 December 2024 and of its financial  
performance and cash flows for the financial year 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024 in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the  
EU and additional disclosure requirements for issuers of listed bonds in Denmark.  
Also, in our opinion, the parent financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Parent at 31 December 2024 and of its finan-  
cial performance for the financial year 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024 in accordance with the Danish Financial Business Act.  
Our opinion is consistent with our audit book comments issued to the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors.  
Basis for opinion  
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and the additional requirements applicable in Denmark. Our re-  
sponsibilities under those standards and requirements are further described in the "Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial  
statements and the parent financial statements" section of this auditor’s report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the International  
Ethics Standards Board for Accountants’ International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA Code) and the additional ethical require-  
ments applicable in Denmark, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the IESBA Code. We  
believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.  
To the best of our knowledge and belief, we have not provided any prohibited non-audit services as referred to in Article 5(1) of Regulation (EU) No  
537/2014.  
We were appointed auditors of Realkredit Danmark A/S for the first time on 5 March 2015 for the financial year 2015. We have been reappointed annu-  
ally by decision of the general meeting for a total contiguous engagement period of 10 years up to and including the financial year 2024.  
Key audit matters  
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements  
and the parent financial statements for the financial year 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit  
of the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a sepa-  
rate opinion on these matters.  
Key audit matters  
How the matters were addressed in our audit  
Impairment charges for loans and provisions for guarantees  
Loans for the Group amounted to DKK 755,539 million at 31 December  
Based on our risk assessment and industry knowledge, we have examined  
2024 (DKK 753,624 million at 31 December 2023), and loan impairment the impairment charges for loans and provisions for guarantees and eval-  
charges of DKK 333 million in 2024 (DKK -114 million at 31 December uated the methodology applied as well as the assumptions made accord-  
2023).  
ing to the description of the key audit matter.  
Measurement of loan impairment charges for loans and  
Our examination included the following elements:  
provisions for guarantees is deemed a key audit matter as the determina-  
tion of assumptions for expected credit losses is highly subjective due to  
the level of judgement applied by Management.  
Testing of key controls over assumptions used in the expected  
credit loss models to assess the credit risk related to the expo-  
sure and the expected future cash flows of the customer.  
Obtaining and substantively testing evidence to support the as-  
sumptions used in the expected credit loss models concerning  
methods applied to derive loss given default.  
Testing of key controls over timely identification of exposures  
with significant increase in credit risk and timely identifica-  
tion of credit impaired exposures.  
The most significant judgements are:  
Assumptions used in the expected credit loss model to assess the  
credit risk related to the exposure and the expected future cash flows  
of the customer.  
Timely identification of exposures with significant increase in credit  
risk and credit impaired exposures.  
Valuation of collateral and assumptions of future cash flows on manu-  
ally assessed credit-impaired exposures.  
Obtaining and substantively testing evidence of timely identi-  
fication of exposures with significant increase in credit risk  
and timely identification of credit impaired exposures.  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 73  
 
Auditor’s report  
Post-model adjustments for particular high-risk portfolios, which are  
not appropriately captured in the expected credit loss model.  
Testing of key controls over models and manual processes for  
valuation of collateral and assumptions of future cash flows.  
Obtaining and substantively testing evidence to support appro-  
priate determination of assumptions for loan impairment  
charges and provisions for guarantees including valuation of  
collateral and assumptions of future cash flows on manually  
assessed credit impaired exposures.  
Management has provided further information about the loan impairment  
charges and provisions for guarantees in notes 10, 15-16 and 19 and Risk  
management to the consolidated financial statement.  
Testing of key controls over post-model adjustments applied  
to manage non-linearity that are not included in the modelled  
expected credit losses.  
Obtaining and substantively testing evidence of post-model  
adjustments for high-risk portfolios including industries af-  
fected by the macroeconomic uncertainties with particular fo-  
cus on the methodology applied, evidence of assumptions-set-  
ting processes and the consistency thereof by:  
o
Assessing the key developments since last year  
against industry standards and historical data.  
Assessing the appropriateness of the different iden-  
tified post-model adjustments compared with the  
embedded macro forecasts applied in the expected  
credit loss models.  
o
o
o
Challenging the methodologies applied by using  
our industry knowledge and experience.  
Challenging assumptions implemented due to ex-  
pected effects of the macroeconomic uncertainties.  
Statement by Management on the management report  
Management is responsible for the management report.  
Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements does not cover the management report, and we do not express  
any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  
In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements, our responsibility is to read the management  
report and, in doing so, consider whether the management report is materially inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements and the parent fi-  
nancial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  
Moreover, it is our responsibility to consider whether the management report provides the information required under the Danish Financial Business Act.  
Based on the work we have performed, we conclude that the management report is in accordance with the consolidated financial statements and the par-  
ent financial statements and has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Danish Financial Business Act. We did not identify any mate-  
rial misstatement of the management report.  
Management’s responsibilities for the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements  
Management is responsible for the preparation of consolidated financial statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with IFRS Accounting  
Standards as adopted by the EU and additional disclosure requirements for issuers of listed bonds in Denmark, and for the preparation of parent financial  
statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with the Danish Financial Business Act, and for such internal control as Management determines  
is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements and parent financial statements that are free from material misstatement,  
whether due to fraud or error.  
In preparing the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements, Management is responsible for assessing the Group’s and the Par-  
ent’s ability to continue as a going concern, for disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern, and for using the going concern basis of ac-  
counting in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements unless Management either intends to liquidate the  
Group or the Parent or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.  
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements  
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements as a whole are  
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high  
level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs and additional requirements applicable in Denmark will always  
detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate,  
they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements and these  
parent financial statements.  
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs and additional requirements applicable in Denmark, we exercise professional judgement and maintain profes-  
sional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 74  
 
Auditor’s report  
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements, whether due to  
fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide  
a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud  
may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.  
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but  
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s and the Parent’s internal control.  
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by Manage-  
ment.  
Conclude on the appropriateness of Management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the consolidated financial  
statements and the parent financial statements, and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or  
conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s and the Parent’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material  
uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements and the  
parent financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained  
up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group and the Entity to cease to continue as a going con-  
cern.  
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements, including the  
disclosures in the notes, and whether the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements represent the underlying transactions  
and events in a manner that gives a true and fair view.  
Plan and perform the group audit to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business units  
within the group as a basis for forming an opinion on the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements. We are responsible  
for the direction, supervision and review of the audit work performed for purposes of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit  
opinion.  
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit  
findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.  
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and  
to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and, where applicable, safe-  
guards put in place and measures taken to eliminate threats.  
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the con-  
solidated financial statements and the parent financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters  
in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a  
matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public  
interest benefits of such communication.  
Report on compliance with the ESEF Regulation  
As part of our audit of the consolidated financial statements and the parent financial statements of Realkredit Danmark A/S, we performed procedures to  
express an opinion on whether the annual report for the financial year 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024, with the file name RealkreditDanmark-2024-  
12-31-0-en.zip, is prepared, in all material respects, in compliance with the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/815 on the European Single  
Electronic Format (ESEF Regulation), which includes requirements related to the preparation of the annual report in XHTML format and iXBRL tagging  
of the consolidated financial statements including notes.  
Management is responsible for preparing an annual report that complies with the ESEF Regulation. This responsibility includes:  
The preparing of the annual report in XHTML format;  
The selection and application of appropriate iXBRL tags, including extensions to the ESEF taxonomy and the anchoring thereof to elements in the  
taxonomy, for financial information required to be tagged using judgement where necessary;  
Ensuring consistency between iXBRL tagged data and the consolidated financial statements presented in human readable format; and  
For such internal control as Management determines necessary to enable the preparation of an annual report that is compliant with the ESEF Regu-  
lation.  
Our responsibility is to obtain reasonable assurance on whether the annual report is prepared, in all material respects, in compliance with the ESEF Regu-  
lation based on the evidence we have obtained, and to issue a report that includes our opinion.  
The nature, timing and extent of procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgement, including the assessment of the risks of material departures from  
the requirements set out in the ESEF Regulation, whether due to fraud or error. The procedures include:  
Testing whether the annual report is prepared in XHTML format;  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 75  
 
Auditor’s report  
Obtaining an understanding of the company’s iXBRL tagging process and of internal control over the tagging process;  
Evaluating the completeness of the iXBRL tagging of the consolidated financial statements including notes;  
Evaluating the appropriateness of the company’s use of iXBRL elements selected from the ESEF taxonomy and the creation of extension elements  
where no suitable element in the ESEF taxonomy has been identified;  
Evaluating the use of anchoring of extension elements to elements in the ESEF taxonomy; and  
Reconciling the iXBRL tagged data with the audited consolidated financial statements.  
In our opinion, the annual report for the financial year 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024, with the file name RealkreditDanmark-2024-12-31-0-en.zip,  
is prepared, in all material respects, in compliance with the ESEF Regulation.  
Copenhagen, 7 February 2025  
Deloitte  
Statsautoriseret Revisionspartnerselskab  
Business Registration No 33 96 35 56  
Jakob Lindberg  
State-Authorised  
Public Accountant  
MNE no-40824  
Lica Lyngsø Nielsen  
State-Authorised  
Public Accountant  
MNE no-47801  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 76  
 
Directorships  
Management´s report, continued  
Under section 80(8) of the Danish Financial Business Act, financial institutions are required to publish information at least once a year about  
directorships held with the approval of the Board of Directors by persons employed by the Board (section 80(1) of the Act).  
This page also lists directorships held by members of the Board of Directors outside the Realkredit Danmark Group.  
Board of Directors  
career as a professional board member. He has long-standing experi-  
Christian Bornfeld Chairman  
ence in auditing and advisory services, especially to large corporates,  
Member of the Executive Leadership Team of Danske Bank A/S  
and corporate governance services, including his work on the Audit  
Born on 19 December 1976  
Committee. He also has extensive domestic and international manage-  
Joined the Board of Directors on 24 November 2022  
ment experience from the auditing and consulting industry and is now  
a board member in several Danish companies.  
Directorships and other offices:  
Vipps AS  
On the basis of his qualifications, the Board of Directors believes that  
Finans Danmark (personal substitute to the 2nd vice chairman of the  
Jesper Koefoed is able to make an independent assessment of whether  
board of directors)  
the Realkredit Danmark Group’s financial reporting, internal controls,  
FR I af 16 september 2015 A/S (personal substitute for the chairman of  
risk management and statutory audit are planned and conducted in an  
the board of directors)  
expedient manner in relation to the Group’s size and complexity.  
Directorships and other offices:  
Magnus Thor Agustsson  
Danica Ejendomme P/S  
Member of the Executive Leadership Team of Danske Bank A/S  
Danica Pension, Livsforsikringsaktieselskab  
Born on 6 January 1973  
LM|Pihl A/S (chairman)  
Joined the Board of Directors on 10 March 2022  
Koefoed Invest 2019 A/S  
Nordic Investment Opportunities A/S  
BG40-5 A/S  
Jakob Bøss  
Autobudgets ApS (chairman)  
Head of Group Positioning & Sustainability, Danske Bank A/S  
Born on 10 October 1975  
Joined the Board of Directors on 16 April 2024  
Linda Fagerlund  
Nordic Head of Commercial Real Estate, Danske Bank A/S &  
Member of the Audit Committee  
Country Manager, Danske Bank Sweden  
Born on 25 December 1975  
Joined the Board of Directors on 22 July 2022  
Jesper Koefoed  
Managing Director  
Born on 18 June 1964  
Majken Hammer Sløk (elected by the employees)  
Joined the Board of Directors on 9 March 2020  
Chief Consultant, Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Independent  
Born on 2 January 1965  
Joined the Board of Directors on 6 March 2017  
Chairman of the Audit Committee  
The combined members of the Board of Directors have appointed  
Christian Hilligsøe Heinig (elected by the employees)  
Jesper Koefoed as a qualified member of the Audit Committee. Jesper  
Chief Economist, Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Koefoed holds an MSc in Business Administration and Auditing from  
Born on 7 December 1978  
CBS (1989) and has since 1992 been working as a state authorised  
Joined the Board of Directors on 3 March 2021  
public accountant, but in July 2019 he deposited his license to start a  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 77  
 
Directorships  
Executive Management  
Bjarne Aage Jørgensen  
Kamilla Hammerich Skytte  
Member of the Executive Management, Head of Large Real Estate  
Born on 4 June 1961  
Chief Executive Officer  
Born on 3 October 1972  
Joined the Executive Management on 6 September 2023  
Joined the Executive Management on 1 March 2022  
Directorships and other offices:  
home a/s (chairman)  
Danske Hypotek AB, Sverige  
Association of Danish Mortgage Banks (chairman)  
Kreditforeningen Danmarks Pensionsafviklingskasse (chairman)  
European Mortgage Federation (EMF) (co-chairman)  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 78  
 
Supplementary information  
Management´s report, continued  
Financial calendar  
Annual general meeting:  
10 March 2025  
Company announcement - first quarter results 2025:  
2 May 2025  
Interim report first half 2025:  
18 July 2025  
Company announcement - first nine months results 2025:  
31 October 2025  
Contact  
Chief Executive Officer  
Kamilla Hammerich Skytte  
Tel +45 45 13 20 82  
Adresse  
Realkredit Danmark  
Bernstorffsgade 40  
DK-1577 København V  
Telephone +45 70 12 53 00  
CVR no. 13 39 91 74 København  
Links  
rd.dk  
danskebank.dk  
danskebank.com  
home.dk  
ESEF data  
Domicile of entity  
Denmark
Description of nature of entity’s operations and principal activities  
Country of incorporation  
Mortgage finance
Denmark
Principal place of business  
Denmark
Legal form of entity  
A/S
Name of reporting entity or other names of identification  
Name of parent  
Realkredit Danmark Group
Realkredit Danmark A/S
Realkredit Danmark A/S
Bernstorffsgade 40, DK-1577 København V
Name of ultimate parent of group  
Address of entity’s registered office  
Realkredit Danmark Annual Report 2024 79  
 
Realkredit Danmark A/S  
Bernstorffsgade 40  
DK-1577 København V  
Telephone +45 70 12 53 00  
rd.dk  
E-mail rd@rd.dk